Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) leads to long-term cognitive sequelae in a significant portion of patients. Disruption of normal neural communication across functional brain networks may explain the deficits in memory and attention observed after mTBI. In this study, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine functional connectivity during a resting state in a group of mTBI subjects (n = 9) compared with age-matched control subjects (n = 15). ⋯ Our data suggest reduced local efficiency in different brain regions in mTBI patients. In conclusion, MEG can be a potential tool to investigate and detect network alterations in patients with mTBI. The value of MEG to reveal potential neurophysiological biomarkers for mTBI patients warrants further exploration.
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Observational Study
Association Patterns of Simultaneous Intraventricular and Intraparenchymal Intracranial Pressure Measurements.
The process of measuring intracranial pressure (ICP) can be accomplished using a variety of monitors placed primarily either in the ventricles or brain parenchyma. ⋯ CSF, cerebrospinal fluidEVD, external ventricular drainICP, intracranial pressureIPM, intraparenchymal monitorTBI, traumatic brain injury.
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Patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) have an increased risk of developing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but the risk of hemorrhage expansion with intracranial monitoring devices remains unknown. We sought to determine the safety of chemical DVT prophylaxis in severe TBI patients with invasive intracranial pressure monitors. ⋯ We conclude that DVT prophylaxis with either LMWH or UH is safe with intracranial pressure monitors in place.
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The poor aqueous solubility of progesterone (PROG) limits its potential use as a therapeutic agent. We designed and tested EIDD-1723, a novel water-soluble analog of PROG with >100-fold higher solubility than that of native PROG, as candidate for development as a field-ready treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI). The pharmacokinetic effects of EIDD-1723 on morphological and functional outcomes in rats with bilateral cortical impact injury were evaluated. ⋯ EIDD-1723 significantly reduced cerebral edema and improved recovery from motor, sensory and spatial learning deficits as well as, or better than, native PROG. Pharmacokinetic investigation after a single i.m. injection in rats revealed that EIDD-1723 was rapidly converted to the active metabolite EIDD-036, demonstrating first-order elimination kinetics and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Our results suggest that EIDD-1723 represents a substantial advantage over current PROG formulations because it overcomes storage, formulation and delivery limitations of PROG and can thereby reduce the time between injury and treatment.
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Cell transplantation · Oct 2016
Human Neural Stem Cell Transplantation-Mediated Alteration of Microglial/Macrophage Phenotypes after Traumatic Brain Injury.
Neural stem cells (NSCs) promote recovery from brain trauma, but neuronal replacement is unlikely the sole underlying mechanism. We hypothesize that grafted NSCs enhance neural repair at least partially through modulating the host immune response after traumatic brain injury (TBI). C57BL/6 mice were intracerebrally injected with primed human NSCs (hNSCs) or vehicle 24 h after a severe controlled cortical impact injury. ⋯ These phenotypic switches were accompanied by the increased expression of anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 receptor α and decreased proinflammatory interferon-γ receptor β. Finally, grafted hNSCs mainly differentiated into neurons and were phagocytized by either M1 or M2 microglia/macrophages. Thus, intracerebral transplantation of primed hNSCs efficiently leads host microglia/macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype that presumably contributes to stem cell-mediated neuroprotective effects after severe TBI in mice.