Articles: disease.
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Seminars in perinatology · Oct 2014
ReviewNeurologic disease with pregnancy and considerations for the obstetric anesthesiologist.
Women with neurologic conditions present a challenge during pregnancy and in the peripartum period. Given the low prevalence of these diseases during pregnancy, most management decisions are guided by retrospective reviews and case reports. ⋯ In particular, epilepsy; multiple sclerosis; primary intracranial hypertension; secondary intracranial hypertension-Arnold-Chiari malformations and intracranial neoplasms; spinal cord injury; neuromuscular junction disorders-myasthenia gravis; and hereditary neuromuscular disorders-myotonic dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy will be discussed. By increasing understanding of anesthetic issues for parturients with neurologic disease, providers may more effectively anticipate anesthetic considerations, thereby optimizing care plans.
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Mayo Clinic proceedings · Oct 2014
Multicenter StudyPrevalence of multimorbidity in a geographically defined American population: patterns by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
To describe the prevalence of multimorbidity involving 20 selected chronic conditions in a geographically defined US population, emphasizing age, sex, and racial/ethnic differences. ⋯ Multimorbidity is common in the general population; it increases steeply with older age, has different patterns in men and women, and varies by race/ethnicity.
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Environ. Health Perspect. · Aug 2014
The blood exposome and its role in discovering causes of disease.
Since 2001, researchers have examined the human genome (G) mainly to discover causes of disease, despite evidence that G explains relatively little risk. We posit that unexplained disease risks are caused by the exposome (E; representing all exposures) and G × E interactions. Thus, etiologic research has been hampered by scientists' continuing reliance on low-tech methods to characterize E compared with high-tech omics for characterizing G. ⋯ For studies of disease etiology, the complexity of human exposures motivates characterization of the blood exposome, which includes all biologically active chemicals. Because most small molecules in blood are not human metabolites, investigations of causal pathways should expand beyond the endogenous metabolome.