Articles: disease.
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J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. · Jul 1995
A prospective study of mother-to-infant HIV transmission in tribal women from India.
The transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from infected mothers to their babies was assessed by serologic, virologic, and clinical means. Of the 160 antibody-positive women enrolled at the beginning of the study, 13 had overt clinical symptoms (CDC stage III/IV). Termination of pregnancy was done, on request, in seven of these cases. ⋯ None of the seronegative children reverted to seropositive status despite the fact that they were breast-fed. The majority of the seropositive children (63%) became symptomatic and clinically ill during infancy. The overall mother-to-infant vertical transmission rate was 48%.
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Human papillomavirus infection is a sexually transmitted disease associated with cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. ⋯ Cervical human papillomavirus infection was the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease among an ethnically diverse group of urban adolescent females, with a large proportion of infections neither clinically nor cytologically apparent. The strong association with lifetime sexual partners substantiates that cervical human papillomavirus is acquired predominantly by sexual contact and often soon after the onset of sexual activity.
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Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a previously rare, tumour-like lesion of controversial biological nature. KS has since the early 1980s become frequent in patients with AIDS, particularly in homosexuals. ⋯ This DNA was identified using representational difference analysis (RDA) generating short, unique sequences with variable homology to several herpes virus, but no intact virus was recovered. If these DNA-sequences are also present in other, non-HIV-associated forms of Kaposi's sarcoma this would strongly suggest a specific, aetiopathological involvement of this putative new herpes virus in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma, rather than a contamination of yet another opportunistic virus in immunosuppressed AIDS patients.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Impact of an intervention on HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, and condom use among sex workers in Bombay, India.
To develop and test an HIV intervention targeting sex workers and madams in the brothels of Bombay. ⋯ Both HIV prevalence and incidence are alarmingly high among female sex workers in Bombay. Successful interventions can be developed for these women, and even a partial increase in condom use may decrease the transmission of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases. Intervention programs of longer duration that target madams and clients and make condoms easily available are urgently needed at multiple sites in red-light areas.
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To describe the role of men and women as sources of HIV transmission and to estimate HIV incidence among discordant couples resident in diverse rural communities in Uganda. ⋯ In this Ugandan population, men are the predominant source of new infections in rural villages. Risk factors and preventive behaviors vary with the sex of the infected partner, and seroconversion rates are similar in both sexes.