Articles: disease.
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Multicenter Study
Universal precautions: knowledge, compliance and attitudes of doctors and nurses in Thailand.
A study on the knowledge, compliance and attitudes of doctors and nurses on "universal precautions" (U. P.) was done by questionnaire in April 1993. Four hundred and sixty-nine doctors and 4,554 nurses from 35 hospitals throughout Thailand responded. ⋯ They supported the application of U. P. as a safety measure. Welfare support for health-care workers who have contacted HIV at work is also expected.
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To examine the relationship between maternal HIV infection, placental malaria infection, and infant mortality as a first step in investigating the possibility of increased vertical transmission of HIV due to placental malaria infection. ⋯ This study strongly suggests that exposure to both placental malaria infection and maternal HIV infection increases post-neonatal mortality beyond the independent risk associated with exposure to either maternal HIV or placental malaria infection. If confirmed, malaria chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy could decrease the impact of transmission of HIV from mother to infant.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Results of a model AIDS prevention program for high school students in the Philippines.
To describe the sexual practices of high school students; to describe the process of development of a school-based AIDS prevention program; and to evaluate the effect of this program on students' AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and AIDS-preventive behaviors. ⋯ A sizable number of Filipino high school students are sexually active but condom use is low. School-based AIDS prevention programs can be developed and implemented in developing countries with the assistance of school personnel to address sexual issues. Our program was successful in increasing AIDS-related knowledge and improving attitudes towards people with AIDS. Supplementation with other preventive activities may be needed to achieve lasting changes in students' risk-taking behavior.
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Multicenter Study
STD partner notification and referral in primary level health centers in Nairobi, Kenya.
Controlling sexually transmitted diseases requires that partners of patients with a sexually transmitted disease be notified and treated. However, many countries in the developing world lack the infrastructure and resources for effective partner referral. ⋯ Strengthening and directing counseling toward women in maternal child health/family planning clinics and married men and women in general clinics may be an effective and inexpensive way to increase partner notification in the developing world.
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J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. · Jul 1995
A prospective study of mother-to-infant HIV transmission in tribal women from India.
The transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from infected mothers to their babies was assessed by serologic, virologic, and clinical means. Of the 160 antibody-positive women enrolled at the beginning of the study, 13 had overt clinical symptoms (CDC stage III/IV). Termination of pregnancy was done, on request, in seven of these cases. ⋯ None of the seronegative children reverted to seropositive status despite the fact that they were breast-fed. The majority of the seropositive children (63%) became symptomatic and clinically ill during infancy. The overall mother-to-infant vertical transmission rate was 48%.