Articles: disease.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Impact of an intervention on HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, and condom use among sex workers in Bombay, India.
To develop and test an HIV intervention targeting sex workers and madams in the brothels of Bombay. ⋯ Both HIV prevalence and incidence are alarmingly high among female sex workers in Bombay. Successful interventions can be developed for these women, and even a partial increase in condom use may decrease the transmission of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases. Intervention programs of longer duration that target madams and clients and make condoms easily available are urgently needed at multiple sites in red-light areas.
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Multicenter Study
STD partner notification and referral in primary level health centers in Nairobi, Kenya.
Controlling sexually transmitted diseases requires that partners of patients with a sexually transmitted disease be notified and treated. However, many countries in the developing world lack the infrastructure and resources for effective partner referral. ⋯ Strengthening and directing counseling toward women in maternal child health/family planning clinics and married men and women in general clinics may be an effective and inexpensive way to increase partner notification in the developing world.
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To examine the relationship between maternal HIV infection, placental malaria infection, and infant mortality as a first step in investigating the possibility of increased vertical transmission of HIV due to placental malaria infection. ⋯ This study strongly suggests that exposure to both placental malaria infection and maternal HIV infection increases post-neonatal mortality beyond the independent risk associated with exposure to either maternal HIV or placental malaria infection. If confirmed, malaria chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy could decrease the impact of transmission of HIV from mother to infant.
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J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. · Jul 1995
A prospective study of mother-to-infant HIV transmission in tribal women from India.
The transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from infected mothers to their babies was assessed by serologic, virologic, and clinical means. Of the 160 antibody-positive women enrolled at the beginning of the study, 13 had overt clinical symptoms (CDC stage III/IV). Termination of pregnancy was done, on request, in seven of these cases. ⋯ None of the seronegative children reverted to seropositive status despite the fact that they were breast-fed. The majority of the seropositive children (63%) became symptomatic and clinically ill during infancy. The overall mother-to-infant vertical transmission rate was 48%.
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Human papillomavirus infection is a sexually transmitted disease associated with cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. ⋯ Cervical human papillomavirus infection was the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease among an ethnically diverse group of urban adolescent females, with a large proportion of infections neither clinically nor cytologically apparent. The strong association with lifetime sexual partners substantiates that cervical human papillomavirus is acquired predominantly by sexual contact and often soon after the onset of sexual activity.