Articles: postoperative-pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Systematic relaxation to relieve postoperative pain.
Unrelieved pain after surgery can lead to complications, prolonged hospital stay, and delayed recovery. Because of side effects from opioids and differences in response, it is important to use non-pharmacological methods in addition to analgesics to decrease patient discomfort and anxiety. ⋯ Substantial reductions in the sensation and distress of pain were found when postoperative patients used systematic relaxation. Although tested in Thailand, we recommend that nurses in other countries try systematic relaxation with postoperative patients, in addition to analgesic medication, measuring pain scores and asking about cultural acceptance.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Postoperative magnesium sulphate infusion reduces analgesic requirements in spinal anaesthesia.
Magnesium sulphate infusion during general anaesthesia reduces anaesthetic consumption and analgesic requirements. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of postoperative magnesium infusion on duration of block, sedation and analgesic consumption after spinal anaesthesia. ⋯ Magnesium sulphate infusion may be used as an adjunct for reducing analgesic consumption after spinal anaesthesia.
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J. Perianesth. Nurs. · Oct 2004
Review Case ReportsManaging acute postoperative pain: is 3 hours too long?
This case study discusses a 64-year-old opioid-tolerant patient who underwent amputation below the left knee and received pain management in the PACU. The patient's self-reported pain level remained 9 on a 0 to 10 scale despite having received a total of 62 mg of morphine sulfate (MSO 4 ) and 60 mg of ketorolac in just less than 3 hours. ⋯ The initial patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) order and MSO 4 -loading doses must take into account the patient history of opioid tolerance, increasing the frequency and dosage-loading doses of MSO 4 for treating severe pain until the patient's pain is reduced by at least 50% on a numeric scale, or until the patient states satisfactory relief. The most important rule of pain management is that pain is what the patient says it is.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[Beneficial effects of single dose multimodal epidural analgesia on relief of postoperative microdiscectomy pain].
We aimed to assess the efficacy of multimodal epidural analgesia in decreasing postoperative pain after microdiscectomy. Fourty patients, ASA physical status I or II, undergoing microsurgical lumbar discectomy were enrolled in this prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blinded study. 10 ml study solution consisting of 2 mg of morphine, 15 mg of bupivacaine, 80 mg of methylprednisolone, and 0.05 mg of adrenaline was prepared for epidural administration. At the end of the procedure but prior to wound closure, the surgeon inserted an 18-gauge epidural catheter into the epidural space. ⋯ Time to first ambulation was shorter in Group E. Patients in Group E were more satisfied with their analgesic regimen. Single dose multimodal epidural analgesia administered after wound closure provided better postoperative analgesia after lumbar microdiscectomy.
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Preoperative pediatric anxiety is characterized by stress, worry, nervosism and concern and may be expressed in different ways. Postoperative behavior changes, such as nocturnal enuresis, dietary problems, apathy, insomnia, nightmares and agitated sleep may be results of this anxiety. In some children, these changes persist for one year. This study aimed at evaluating anxiety-related aspects affecting children and parents in the preoperative period, as well as pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions to minimize them. ⋯ The preoperative period is accompanied of an emotional overload for the whole family, especially the child. For many children, a turbulent preoperative period may translate into several behavior changes lasting for long periods of time. The presence of parents during anesthetic induction and the preoperative preparation of children and parents may be useful for selected cases, taking into account age, temperament and previous hospital experience. Preanesthetic medication with benzodiazepines, especially midazolam, is clearly the most effective method to decrease postoperative anxiety in children and their related behavior changes.