Articles: general-anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Sevoflurane versus halothane for general anesthesia in pediatric patients: a comparative study of vital signs, induction, and emergence.
To compare vital signs and the speed of induction and emergence with sevoflurane versus halothane in pediatric patients. ⋯ Induction of and emergence from anesthesia was faster with sevoflurane than halothane. Airway complications were low in both groups. Vital signs were more stable with sevoflurane during induction through intubation, and were comparable during maintenance. Sevoflurane is an excellent drug for inhalational induction in pediatric patients.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effects of chewing gum on gastric content prior to induction of general anesthesia.
To study the effects on gastric content and subjective well being of chewing gum in the immediate preoperative period, 60 female nonsmokers were randomized to use regular, sugar-free chewing gum preoperatively or to continue the overnight fast. In a similar fashion 44 habitual smokers were randomized to use nicotine gum 2 mg or not. Nonsmokers using chewing gum had significantly larger gastric fluid volumes than controls (mean 30 +/- 19 mL vs 20 +/- 15 mL; 95% confidence interval (CI) for difference 1-19 mL; P = 0.03), with no difference in gastric fluid acidity. ⋯ Although the use of nicotine gum in smokers was associated with a reduction in dryness of the mouth, thirst, and irritability, nonsmokers chewing regular gum did not report significant improvements in patient well being. In habitual smokers unable to abstain from nicotine, the use of nicotine gum on the morning of surgery may be beneficial. Although it is difficult to prove a direct influence on the incidence of pulmonary aspiration of increased gastric contents, the fact that regular, sugar-free chewing gum increased gastric fluid volumes probably means that it should not be used on the morning of surgery.
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This article provides an overview of the current status of general anesthesia and regional anesthesia techniques including complications occurring after using these techniques. The advantages, disadvantages, mortality, and morbidity are described for these two techniques.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Lansoprazole in the prophylaxis of acid aspiration during elective surgery.
We have assessed the efficacy of a single dose of lansoprazole in increasing the pH and decreasing the volume of gastric residue at induction of anaesthesia in adult patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. We studied 66 ASAI-II patients, allocated to one of three groups to receive either placebo (group 1), lansoprazole 30 mg (group 2) or lansoprazole 60 mg (group 3), 8-12 h before induction of anaesthesia. ⋯ Patients who received lansoprazole had a significantly higher pH than the placebo group (P < 0.01) but there was no difference between the two lansoprazole groups. The volume of gastric residue was significantly smaller (P < 0.01) in both lansoprazole groups compared with the placebo group: 28% of those in group 3 had a pH of gastric residue < 2.5 and volume > 25 ml compared with 30% in group 2 and 63% in group 1, respectively.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 1995
Anaesthesia for microvascular surgery in children. A combination of general anaesthesia and axillary plexus block.
Nowadays, microvascular reconstructions are performed with high success rate even in small children. The combination of general anaesthesia and axillary plexus block was used in this prospective study in order to achieve optimal surgical conditions in these challenging operations. Fifteen children under eight years of age (1-8 years) were anaesthetised with a standardised anaesthesia method using a combination of general anaesthesia and axillary plexus block for microvascular toe-to-hand transfer. ⋯ One 1-year-old child developed a moderate hyperthermia of 39.1 degrees C. According to this study axillary plexus block can be combined with general anaesthesia in prolonged microvascular operations. When the effect of general anaesthesia ceased, the plexus block effectively increased peripheral circulation in the operated hand.