Articles: pain-measurement.
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The objectives of this study were to (1) develop a behavioral assessment tool for the measurement of pain in the preterm and full-term neonate; (2) establish the construct and concurrent validity, interrater reliability, and internal consistency of the tool; and (3) examine the relationship between the pain scores and infant characteristics. Thirty-eight infants contributed to the 90 procedures videotaped for the study. The Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) was used to score behavioral responses before, during, and after each intrusive procedure. ⋯ The six component scores of the NIPS had high internal consistency: Cronbach's alphas were .95, .87, and .88 for before, during, and after the procedures, respectively. Although gestational age and five-minute Apgars were positively associated with NIPS scores over time, there was no association between these factors and responsiveness to pain, as measured by change in NIPS scores from before to during the procedure. Results are discussed in terms of the use of the NIPS in clinical trials and its clinical application in a neonatal intensive care unit.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[The incidence of postoperative pain on general surgical wards. Results of different evaluation procedures].
Knowledge of the incidence and significance of postoperative pain is essential for the establishment of effective pain treatment programmes. Detailed investigations on the incidence, severity and quality of postoperative pain from the surgeon's perspective are scarce in German hospitals. It was the aim of our study to investigate postoperative pain in general surgery under routine conditions. ⋯ CONCLUSIONS. We conclude from our results that patients perceive significant postoperative pain under current standardized pain treatment in our department. Effective programmes for pain relief should take account of the different patterns of pain after different operations, as identified in this study.
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Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) of 39 normal subjects (20 males and 19 females) and 30 female patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsulitis (21 lateral and 25 posterior capsulitis) were examined by an electronic algometer. In normal subjects, statistically significant correlation coefficients were obtained from the values of intra-examiners and inter-examiners in both lateral and posterior TMJ capsules (p < 0.01). A comparison with data obtained from contralateral sides failed to demonstrate significant differences. Statistically significant differences were found between the PPT of normal female subjects and female patients with capsulitis in both lateral and posterior TMJ capsules (p < 0.01).
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To examine the relationship among postoperative pain severity, serum beta-endorphin level, and serum morphine level in pediatric patients after posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation. ⋯ The clinical usefulness of serum beta-endorphin as a measure of pain severity was not established under the experimental conditions of this study.
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To develop a methodology for translating the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) into a Danish version, and to make comparisons to studies of patients speaking other languages. ⋯ The present methodology of translating the McGill Pain Questionnaire permits comparison of studies from English-speaking and non-English-speaking populations, thus facilitating international research exchange.