Articles: pain-measurement.
-
Int J Clin Exp Hypn · Jan 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialLaser-induced pain-related brain potentials and sensory pain ratings in high and low hypnotizable subjects during hypnotic suggestions of relaxation, dissociated imagery, focused analgesia, and placebo.
Pain reports and amplitudes of painful argon laser-induced brain potentials were obtained for 10 high and 10 low hypnotizable volunteers following placebo and a randomized sequence of four hypnotically induced conditions of (a) neutral hypnosis, (b) deep relaxation, (c) pleasant dissociated "out of body" imagery, and (d) focused analgesia of the hand. Both high and low hypnotizable subjects exhibited significant reductions of reported pain during conditions of neutral hypnosis, relaxation, dissociated imagery, and focused analgesia. ⋯ Only the high hypnotizable group showed significant reductions in amplitudes when the data were recalculated to reflect relative changes compared to the average amplitude of the pre- and postconditions to compensate for a possible habituation effect indicated by the significantly lowered amplitudes in the posthypnotic condition. The results are discussed in light of a number of hypotheses concerning mechanisms of hypnotic analgesia.
-
The purpose of this study was to assess older adults to determine (a) the course of postoperative pain, (b) influences of pain and analgesics on mental status, and (c) relationships among age, mental status and pain. Sixty adults, aged 50-80 yr, who had total hip replacement surgery were included in this study. All subjects had met a preoperative criterion for mental status. ⋯ Age was not related to pain or mental status. In general, pain was poorly managed in this group of subjects. The results suggest an explanation for acute confusion in older patients after surgery and recommend improved pain management.
-
Clinical rheumatology · Dec 1993
Comparative StudyPain and fatigue in patients with rheumatic disorders.
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether fibromyalgia patients (n = 50) differed from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 22) and ankylosing sponylitis (n = 31) with respect to pain experience, pain coping and fatigue. A high general pain intensity level was recorded by the McGill Pain Questionnaire (p < 0.01) and the visual analogue scale (p < 0.01) in the fibromyalgia group compared to the other groups. The pain was of continuous duration in the fibromyalgia patients while the rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis patients experienced intermittent pain. ⋯ A high frequency of reported gastrointestinal problems (p < 0.01) and high intensity of fatigue (p < 0.01) were seen in the fibromyalgia group compared to the other groups. In the fibromyalgia group there was no correlation between the sleep problems and fatigue intensity. Thus, the fibromyalgia patients differed from the other groups in reporting frequently shoulder and upper arm pain, continuous pain, higher levels of fatigue and pain intensities as well as high frequency of gastrointestinal problems.
-
This paper reviews several recently developed animal models that allow a quantitative assessment of the magnitude of nocifensive behavioral responses across a range of noxious stimulus intensities. Models discussed in detail include: (a) the rodent tail flick reflex, and a modification that allows measurement of tail flick magnitude, (b) rat hindlimb flexion withdrawal reflex elicited by noxious thermal stimulation of the paw, and (c) a learned operant response (nose bar press) evoked by noxious thermal stimulation of the rat's tail. These models are discussed in terms of their advantages over previous methods measuring response threshold, their fulfillment of criteria for ideal pain assessment models, and the neuronal circuitry underlying the behavioral response.
-
Objective. To review literature in the area of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis that has focused on pain experience, functional losses, and psychosocial functioning. Methods. ⋯ Conclusions. Although methodologic limitations have plagued this research in the past, new advances are facilitating improved understanding of children and adolescents with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Implications for future study with this challenging population are offered.