Articles: treatment.
-
This epidemiological questionnaire-study of 362 patients suffering from chronic pain related to musculoskeletal disorders showed the following results: Most musculoskeletal pain syndromes are located in the head and back areas (57.3%). Patients who seek treatment in an orthopedic pain clinic suffer from at least moderate pain according to the verbal rating scale and from pain equal too or more than 50 on to the numeric rating scale. For most patients (51.9%) the duration of the pain has been between 1 and 10 years. ⋯ Most patients with chronic pain consult 2 to 6 doctors. For typical orthopedic pain syndromes most patients consult an orthopedist. Patients with chronic headaches consult an orthopedic specialist about as frequently as neurologist or internist specialist.
-
In the past the view has often been expressed that children are less sensitive to pain than adults as a result of the assumption that their nervous system is not as well developed. According to this theory, newborns were not supposed to feel pain at all, and for this reason minor surgery was often performed with inadequate anesthesia. Evidence in the more recent literature and the regular choice of "pain in children" as a topic for congresses exemplify the more and more widespread belief that children of all ages can feel pain and, relative to their developmental stage, suffer accordingly. ⋯ As cognition develops further, the patient's own concept of health and sickness changes, as does the ability to express feelings of pain. In the pathogenesis of pain in children, the dominant types are nociceptor pain (e.g., as a result of trauma or infection) and pain resulting from malfunction (e.g., physical malposition, migraine), whereas nervous pain occurs less frequently. Pediatricians should pay particular attention to the treatment of acute and chronic pain in children.
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jun 1989
Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialMetabolic effects of low-dose fluconazole in healthy female users and non-users of oral contraceptives.
1. Azole antifungal agents such as ketoconazole act by inhibiting cytochrome P-450 mediated sterol synthesis in the fungal cell membrane and thus have the potential to interfere with mammalian steroidogenesis. Fluconazole is a novel orally-effective antifungal triazole which has been reported to have more specific effects on the cytochrome P-450 enzymes involved in fungal sterol synthesis. 2. ⋯ Minor biochemical changes associated with fluconazole treatment included increases in serum thyroxine and testosterone concentrations (but not in women taking OC as well as fluconazole) and in insulin and apolipoprotein B levels (but only in women taking OC as well as fluconazole). In general, these changes were small and of no clinical significance with the values remaining within the laboratory normal range. There were no adverse side-effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
-
Two hundred and nine inadvertent pregnancies in oral contraceptive users were studied to determine the associated factors. The percentage of Pill types also were compared with the market usage over the same period. We found that the classically-suggested cofactors, such as missed pills, late pills, drug ingestion, and gastrointestinal upsets were reported commonly. The triphasic Pills also were represented more frequently than would have been expected from their share of the market.