Articles: chronic.
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Normal spirometry is often used to preclude airway disease in individuals with unspecific respiratory symptoms. We tested the hypothesis that chronic respiratory symptoms are associated with respiratory hospitalisations and death in individuals with normal spirometry without known airway disease. We included 108 246 randomly chosen individuals aged 20-100 years from a Danish population-based cohort study. ⋯ There was a positive dose-response relationship between number of symptoms and risk of outcomes. Results were similar after 2 years of follow-up, for never-smokers alone, and for each symptom separately. Chronic respiratory symptoms are associated with respiratory hospitalisations and death in individuals with normal spirometry without known airway disease.
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Sleep disruption can occur after brain injury; however, insomnia prevalence and severity in adolescents with persistent post-concussion symptoms have not been investigated. This study examined: 1) some of the psychometric properties of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), 2) the prevalence and severity of insomnia symptoms, and 3) associations between insomnia symptoms and clinical measures of post-concussion symptoms, mental health symptoms, and cognitive tests in adolescents with slow recovery from concussion. Participants (N = 121) were adolescents 13-18 years of age (mean = 16.2; standard deviation [SD] = 1.2) and, on average, of 6.4 months (SD = 3.8) post-concussion. ⋯ Insomnia was significantly associated with more cognitive complaints and higher rates of failure on performance validity tests, but not with actual objectively measured cognitive abilities. Insomnia is common in adolescents with slow recovery from concussion and is associated with worse post-concussion symptoms, anxiety, depression, cognitive complaints, and performance validity concerns. Investigating evidence-based treatments for insomnia should be a priority in this population.