Articles: sars-cov-2.
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Critical care medicine · Sep 2023
Clinical TrialMechanical Power Delivered by Noninvasive Ventilation Contributes to Physio-Anatomical and Clinical Responses to Early Versus Late Proning in COVID-19 Pneumonia.
To study: 1) the effect of prone position (PP) on noninvasive ventilation (NIV)-delivered mechanical power (MP) and 2) the impact of MP on physio-anatomical and clinical responses to early versus late PP in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. ⋯ MP delivered by NIV during initial 24 hours predicts clinical outcomes. PP curtails MP, but cumulative hours of NIV with MP greater than or equal to 17.9 J/min delivered before PP initiation attenuate the benefits of PP.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Sep 2023
Clinical Outcomes and Phylogenetic analysis in Reflection with Three Predominant Clades of SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) undergoes continuous evolution, resulting in the emergence of several variants. Each variant has a different severity and mortality rate. ⋯ There has been a surge in COVID-19 infection in the city due to the predominant lineages of SARS-CoV-2, B.1.617, Omicron BA.1.17.2 and Omicron BA.5.6, respectively. A higher PCR-Ct value and severity of the Delta variant over Omicron BA.1.17.2 and/or BA.5.2 variants were significantly correlated with a higher death rate in the same order.
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Critical care medicine · Sep 2023
Association Between Vaccination Status and Outcomes in Patients Admitted to the ICU With COVID-19.
Although COVID-19 vaccines can reduce the need for intensive care unit admission in COVID-19, their effect on outcomes in critical illness remains unclear. We evaluated outcomes in vaccinated patients admitted to the ICU with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and the association between vaccination and booster status on clinical outcomes. ⋯ Nearly one in four patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 after widespread COVID-19 vaccine availability represented a vaccine-breakthrough case. Mortality risk remains substantial in vaccinated patients and similar between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients after the onset of critical illness. However, COVID-19 vaccination is associated with reduced ICU resource utilization and booster dosing may increase survivability from COVID-19-related critical illness.
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Observational Study
Real-time surveillance of international SARS-CoV-2 prevalence using systematic traveller arrival screening: An observational study.
Effective Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) response relies on good knowledge of population infection dynamics, but owing to under-ascertainment and delays in symptom-based reporting, obtaining reliable infection data has typically required large dedicated local population studies. Although many countries implemented Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing among travellers, it remains unclear how accurately arrival testing data can capture international patterns of infection, because those arrival testing data were rarely reported systematically, and predeparture testing was often in place as well, leading to nonrepresentative infection status among arrivals. ⋯ As well as elucidating previously unmeasured infection dynamics in these countries, our analysis provides a proof-of-concept for scalable and accurate leading indicator of global infections during future pandemics.
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The SARS-CoV-2, a highly infectious positive strand RNA virus first identified in December 2019, has produced multiple genetic variants that have rapidly and sequentially spread worldwide during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Genetic changes in SARS-CoV-2 for greater infectivity, replication and transmission were selected during the early stages of the pandemic. More recently, after widespread infection and vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade antigen-specific adaptive immunity, have begun to be selected. This article provides an overview of the molecular immunological and virological factors underlying the origin and global spread of important SARS-CoV-2 variant lineages.