Articles: sars-cov-2.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Dec 2022
At what frequency of vaccination do the vaccinated potentially pose an equal risk to the unvaccinated for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 inside restaurants in New York City?
From August 2021 to 7 March 2022, New York City prohibited indoor dining in restaurants selectively for persons who had not received a Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. However, vaccinated persons may also be actively infected and potentially transmit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV‑2). Based on assuming a 7:1 ratio of COVID-19 cases in New York State for the unvaccinated versus the vaccinated, it can be estimated that when 87.5% of adults in New York City are vaccinated, the rate of unsuspected SARS-CoV‑2 infections (asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic) among vaccinated adults going to restaurants would be equivalent to that for the unvaccinated.
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Since the beginning of 2020, worldwide attention has been being focussed on SARS-CoV-2, the second strain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus. Although advances in vaccine technology have been made, particularly considering the advent of mRNA vaccines, up to date, no single antigen design can ensure optimal immune response. Therefore, new technologies must be tested as to their ability to further improve vaccines. ⋯ Key MessagesViral inactivation by using pulsed electric fields in the nanosecond frequency. DNA fragmentation by a Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF). Opportunity to apply new technologies in vaccine development.
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Case Reports
Anti-signal Recognition Particle Antibody-positive Immune-mediated Myopathy after mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination.
A 26-year-old Japanese woman developed a fever, myalgia and gait disturbance one day after receiving the second dose of the mRNA-1273 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. A neurological examination revealed symmetrical weakness and myalgia in proximal lower limbs, and a blood examination showed prominent elevation of creatinine kinase. ⋯ Thus, anti-SRP antibody-positive immune-mediated myopathy was diagnosed. We initiated immunotherapy, and she was ultimately able to walk stably.
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Observational Study
Is there a diurnal variation of COVID-19 patients warranting presentation to the health centre? A chronobiological observational cross-sectional study.
The circadian clock regulates the function of the immune system, the replication of viruses, and the magnitude of infections. The aim of this study was to analyse whether hospital attendance in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients presents a diurnal variation. ⋯ COVID-19 infection affected the circadian rhythms of the host through disrupting the circadian rhythms of core temperature and innate immunity mediators. Old patients attend the health care centre earlier compared to younger ones. However, CT during polymerase chain reaction-test was unaffected by the TOD, which limits the conclusion that COVID-19 viral infection exhibits diurnal variation.