Articles: opioid.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. · Mar 2015
ReviewClinical pharmacology of analgesic drugs in cattle.
Providing pain relief in cattle is challenging. In the absence of labeled drugs, the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act regulates the extralabel drug use of analgesics in cattle within the United States. ⋯ This article reviews the commonly used analgesics investigated in cattle including local anesthetics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, α2-agonists, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, and gabapentin. These compounds are examined with respect to evidence of analgesia in cattle during pain states.
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Gynecologic oncology · Mar 2015
ReviewBasic science and clinical management of painful and non-painful chemotherapy-related neuropathy.
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose-limiting toxicity of several chemotherapeutics used in the treatment of all the most common malignancies. There are several defined mechanisms of nerve damage that take place along different areas of the peripheral and the central nervous system. ⋯ Neuropathic pain that persists despite appropriate pharmacotherapy may respond to interventional procedures that span a range of invasiveness. The purpose of this review article is to examine the basic science of neuropathy and currently available treatment options in the context of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Expert Opin Pharmacother · Mar 2015
Multicenter Study Observational StudyProlonged-release oxycodone/naloxone in opioid-naïve patients - subgroup analysis of a prospective observational study.
Prolonged-release oxycodone/naloxone (OXN PR) showed improved gastrointestinal tolerability and equivalent analgesic efficacy compared to oxycodone alone in patients with non-cancer pain or cancer pain. This is the first dataset to demonstrate its effectiveness and safety compared to other strong opioids in opioid-naïve patients. ⋯ The favorable outcomes under real-life conditions suggest that OXN PR provides a valuable option for treatment of moderate-to-severe pain without using weak opioids first.
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Expert Rev Neurother · Mar 2015
ReviewLong-term efficacy, safety and tolerability of Remoxy for the management of chronic pain.
Historically, chronic pain generally went under-treated for a variety of objective and subjective reasons, including difficulty to objectively diagnose and manage over a long period of time, potential serious adverse effects of commonly available medications, and patient, healthcare and societal concerns over opioid medications. More recently, in an effort to redress the under-treatment of pain, the number of prescriptions of opioid analgesics has risen dramatically. ⋯ One such product is Remoxy(®), an extended-release formulation of the strong opioid oxycodone. We review the efficacy, safety and tolerability of this formulation based on the available published literature.
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J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother · Mar 2015
Case ReportsManagement of severe pain due to lumbar disk protrusion.
Lumbar intervertebral disk protrusion can cause excruciating pain in severe cases, which can be exacerbated by activity such as sitting down and straining at stool. Acute sciatica due to disk rupture will improve within 1 to 3 months. ⋯ Severe cases can require opioid analgesia, however people taking opioids for pain relief frequently present with opioid-induced bowel dysfunction. The use of transforaminal steroid injections is a controversial issue and repeat steroid injections should be considered in light of the risk-benefit profile of the individual patient.