Articles: cations.
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Tohoku J. Exp. Med. · Mar 2024
Identification of EDNRA as the Key Biomarker for Hypercholesterolemia and Colorectal Cancer.
Some studies have investigated the role of cholesterol in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanism of action is not clear. In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. ⋯ Additionally, we identified potential target drugs, including Podocarpus montanus, Diospyros kaki, Herba Salviae japoniae, sitaxentan, and ambrisentan. We found that EDNRA might be an underlying biomarker for both hypercholesterolemia and CRC. The predicted target drugs provide new strategies for treating CRC.
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To evaluate whether a machine learning algorithm (i.e. the "NightSignal" algorithm) can be used for the detection of postoperative complications prior to symptom onset after cardiothoracic surgery. ⋯ Machine learning analysis of biometric data collected from wearable devices has the potential to detect postoperative complications-prior to symptom onset-after cardiothoracic surgery.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2024
Best practices in phase III clinical trials on DMTs for multiple sclerosis: a systematic analysis and appraisal of published trials.
Great advances have been made in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy due to the publication of numerous randomised clinical trials (RCTs). In this study, we carried out a critical appraisal of phase III RCTs of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for MS published after 2010, intending to identify critical areas of improvement. ⋯ RCTs for DMTs in MS have relevant and frequent limitations. These should be addressed to enhance their quality, transparency and external validity.
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Review
Pathophysiology of acute lung injury in patients with acute brain injury: the triple-hit hypothesis.
It has been convincingly demonstrated in recent years that isolated acute brain injury (ABI) may cause severe dysfunction of peripheral extracranial organs and systems. Of all potential target organs and systems, the lung appears to be the most vulnerable to damage after ABI. The pathophysiology of the bidirectional brain-lung interactions is multifactorial and involves inflammatory cascades, immune suppression, and dysfunction of the autonomic system. ⋯ Furthermore, experimental and clinical data suggest the existence of a communication network among the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and its microbiome, which appears to regulate immune responses, gastrointestinal function, brain function, behavior, and stress responses, also named the "gut-microbiome-brain axis." Additionally, recent research evidence has highlighted a crucial interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the lungs, referred to as the "gut-lung axis," in which alterations during critical illness could result in bacterial translocation, sustained inflammation, lung injury, and pulmonary fibrosis. In the present work, we aimed to further elucidate the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI) in patients with ABI by attempting to develop the "double-hit" theory, proposing the "triple-hit" hypothesis, focused on the influence of the gut-lung axis on the lung. Particularly, we propose, in addition to sympathetic hyperactivity, blast theory, and double-hit theory, that dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunction in the context of ABI alter the gut-lung axis, resulting in the development or further aggravation of existing ALI, which constitutes the "third hit."