Articles: respiratory-distress-syndrome.
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Severe COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) often requires extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Recent German health insurance data revealed low ICU survival rates. Patient characteristics and experience of the ECMO center may determine intensive care unit (ICU) survival. The current study aimed to identify factors affecting ICU survival of COVID-19 ECMO patients. ⋯ Structural and patient-related factors, including age, comorbidities and ECMO case volume, determined the survival of COVID-19 ECMO. These factors combined with a more liberal ECMO indication during the 2nd wave may explain the reasonably overall low survival rate. Careful selection of patients and treatment in high volume ECMO centers was associated with higher odds of ICU survival.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is the third worldwide coronavirus-associated disease outbreak in the past 20 years. Lung involvement, with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe cases, is the main clinical feature of this disease; the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, and the gastrointestinal tract can also be affected. The pathophysiology of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary organ damage was almost completely unknown when the pandemic began. ⋯ Studies of autopsy material from various tissues of COVID-19 patients have revealed ultrastructural evidence of altered microvascularity, IA, and multifocal thrombi. These changes may contribute to the pathophysiology of post-acute interstitial fibrotic organ changes as well as to the clinical picture of long COVID.
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Whether targeting the driving pressure (∆P) when adjusting the tidal volume in mechanically ventilated patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may decrease the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury remains a matter of research. In this study, we assessed the effect of a ∆P-guided ventilation on the mechanical power. ⋯ As compared to a conventional PBW-guided ventilation, a ∆P-guided ventilation strategy targeting a ∆P between 12 and 14 cm H2O required to change the tidal volume in 90% of the patients. Such ∆P-guided ventilation significantly reduced the mechanical power. Whether this physiological observation could be associated with clinical benefit should be assessed in clinical trials.
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Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is composed of a triad of symptoms, including respiratory distress, neurologic deficit, and petechiae. Respiratory distress usually presents first before the other symptoms. Thrombotic pulmonary embolism (TPE) is a differential diagnosis of FES. Trauma is a risk factor for both diseases; however, co-occurrence is rare. ⋯ Concomitant TPE and FES after trauma are rare and require different treatment approaches. Due to clinical similarities, prompt chest CTPA was advised to detect TPE that was treated with anticoagulant therapy instead of supportive care for FES.