Articles: respiratory-distress-syndrome.
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J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Dec 1997
ReviewMechanisms of acute respiratory distress syndrome: role of surfactant changes and mechanical ventilation.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a condition characterized by a high permeability oedema due to loss of the integrity of the alveolo-capillary barrier with impairment of normal surfactant function, resulting in an increased collapse tendency of the alveoli. Mechanical ventilation on such alveoli with repeated alveolar collapse and subsequent reexpansion results in severe lung parenchymal injury and may induce further surfactant impairment. ⋯ Recent evidence from experimental studies has shown that ventilator modes which allow end-expiratory collapse can induce bacterial translocation from the lung into the bloodstream and trigger the release of inflammatory mediators, which can also be presented by maintaining end-expiratory alveolar volume. These data suggest that the interaction between surfactant changes and mechanical ventilation may play a role in the transition of ARDS into the systematic inflammatory disease process of multiple system organ failure (MSOF).
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The Journal of pediatrics · Dec 1997
Multicenter StudyIncidence of premature birth and neonatal respiratory disease in infants of HIV-positive mothers. The Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Complications of Vertically Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Study Group.
We sought to determine the prematurity rate in infants of HIV-positive mothers and to characterize the incidence and severity of neonatal respiratory disease in this population. ⋯ Infants born to HIV-positive mothers exhibited high prematurity and low birth weight rates, and the odds of prematurity were higher in infants who were infected with HIV. Despite the high incidence of prematurity and perinatal risk of this population, incidence and severity of neonatal respiratory disease were not higher than would be expected from available neonatal data in populations not exposed to HIV.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · Dec 1997
Prolonged hemodynamic stability during arteriovenous carbon dioxide removal for severe respiratory failure.
The effects of prolonged arteriovenous carbon dioxide removal on hemodynamics during severe respiratory failure were evaluated in adult sheep with severe smoke inhalation injury. ⋯ Arteriovenous carbon dioxide removal as a simplified means of extracorporeal gas exchange support is relatively safe without adverse hemodynamic effects or complications.
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Intensive care medicine · Dec 1997
Multicenter StudyEffects of ventilation in ventral decubitus position on respiratory mechanics in adult respiratory distress syndrome.
To assess the potential benefits of a period of ventilation in ventral decubitus (VD) on oxygenation and respiratory mechanics in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ⋯ We observed an increase in oxygenation and Crs when the patients were turned from the supine to the prone position with the upper thorax and pelvis supported.
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J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Dec 1997
ReviewPhysiologic, metabolic and mediator responses in posttrauma ARDS and sepsis: is oxygen debt a critical initiating factor?
Posttrauma adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis initiate complex humoral and cellular inflammatory responses that initially effect the microvascular system, but rapidly extend to involve and modulate the solid organ metabolic response. It is discussed whether the interaction between these cellular processes and the organs which they involve appear to be initiated by the trauma induced oxygen debt.