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Collection: What are Calabadions? Can they replace sugammadex?
Calabadions are heterocyclics molecule that offers rapid and complete reversal of both aminosteroids, such as rocuronium and vecuronium, and benzylisoquinoline NMBDS, such as atracurium and cisatracurium.
Notably, calabadion 2 binds rocuronium 89 times stronger than sugammadex. Additionally it also binds etomidate and ketamine.
Calabadions are still undergoing pre-human animal testing, and so are some time away from entering clinical practice.
  Daniel Jolley
pearl
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A higher rate of hospital neuraxial labor analgesia is associated with a lower rate of unnecessary general anesthetic cesarean section.
Guglielminotti J, Landau R, Li G. Adverse Events and Factors Associated with Potentially Avoidable Use of General Anesthesia in Cesarean Deliveries. Anesthesiology. 2019 Jun 1; 130 (6): 912922912-922.
  Daniel Jolley
pearl
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Articulating positive expectations of analgesia efficacy preoperatively improves postoperative pain scores and analgesia satisfaction.
Benson S, Hagen S, Hoffmann O et al. Can a brief psychological expectancy intervention improve postoperative pain? A randomized, controlled trial in patients with breast cancer. Pain. 2019 Jul 1; 160 (7): 1562-1571.
  Daniel Jolley
pearl
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Checklists for managing crises during cesarean section are practical to implement in low and middle-income countries, and significantly improve task completion in simulated emergencies.
Alexander LA, Newton MW, McEvoy KG et al. Development and Pilot Testing of a Context-Relevant Safe Anesthesia Checklist for Cesarean Delivery in East Africa. Anesth. Analg. 2019 May 1; 128 (5): 993-998.
  Daniel Jolley
pearl
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Although routine videolaryngoscopy does not improve overall success rate of adult nasal intubation, it does improve first pass success, laryngeal visualization and shortens intubation time.
Jiang J, Ma DX, Li B et al. Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for nasotracheal intubation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Clin Anesth. 2019 Feb 1; 52: 6-16.
  Daniel Jolley
pearl
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Neuraxial anesthesia is associated with lower rates of perioperative transfusion in patients undergoing bilateral total hip replacement when compared to general anesthesia, although not significantly with other post-operative outcomes.
Burton BN, Padwal JA, Swisher MW et al. Postoperative outcomes with neuraxial versus general anesthesia in bilateral total hip arthroplasty. J Clin Anesth. 2019 Feb 1; 52: 71-75.
  Daniel Jolley
pearl
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Dexmedetomidine may reduce post-operative delirium and at one month post-operative cognitive decline in elderly patients, associated with changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
Cheng XQ, Mei B, Zuo YM et al. A multicentre randomised controlled trial of the effect of intra-operative dexmedetomidine on cognitive decline after surgery. Anaesthesia. 2019 Jun 1; 74 (6): 741-750.
  Daniel Jolley
pearl
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Children who are exposed to multiple general anaesthetics before age three demonstrate deficits on neurosphycological testing, although not children with a single exposure.
Zaccariello MJ, Frank RD, Lee M et al. Patterns of neuropsychological changes after general anaesthesia in young children: secondary analysis of the Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids study. Br J Anaesth. 2019 May 1; 122 (5): 671-681.
  Daniel Jolley
summary
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Although there is reasonable confidence that a single general anaesthetic before three years of age has no consequences for intelligence development, there is an association between multiple exposures and learning and behavioural difficulties, possibly including ADHD. Animal studies have demonstrated ADHD-like changes in juvenile rats exposed to general anaesthetics.
There is a plausible physiological explanation for how general anaesthesia may induce ADHD, involving disruption of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia via dopaminergic, glutaminergic and neutrophic factor mechanisms.
Nonetheless, evidence to date linking general anaesthetic exposure in young children and ADHD development is far from conclusive and – as with many areas of practice – requires further research.
Xu L, Hu Y, Huang L et al. The association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and general anaesthesia - a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2019 Jan 1; 74 (1): 57-63.
  Daniel Jolley
summary
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Collection: Is remifentanil for labour analgesia safe and effective?
The remifentanil PCA for labour analgesia controversy continues...
Those advocating its first-line use point to reassuring evidence of maternal satisfaction and acceptability, reduced epidural rates, and some suggestion of reduced instrumental delivery rates.
For the negative, the ongoing safety concerns created by routine use of remifentanil PCAs are foremost, particularly given how uneven hospitals can be at implementing best safety practices. Observed rates of significant desaturation range from 25-70%, in addition to potential neonatal effects.
The greatest challenge facing the remiPCA advocates, is that the labour epidural is still the most effective form of labour analgesia, and has only improved over the decades as safety has been both maintained and increased.
  Daniel Jolley