• Eleanor Mitchell, Mark S Pearce, and Anthony Roberts.
• Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK.
• Br. Med. Bull. 2019 Dec 11; 132 (1): 5-15.

Introduction And BackgroundIncidence of gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) and sepsis are rising in the UK. Healthcare-associated risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of infection and associated mortality. Current research is focused on identifying high-risk patients and improving the methods used for surveillance.Sources Of DataComprehensive literature search of the topic area using PubMed (Medline). Government, professional and societal publications were also reviewed.Areas Of AgreementA range of healthcare-associated risk factors independently associate with the risk of GNBSIs and sepsis.Areas Of ControversyThere are calls to move away from using simple comorbidity scores to predict the risk of sepsis-associated mortality, instead more advanced multimorbidity models should be considered.Growing Points And Areas For Developing ResearchAdvanced risk models should be created and evaluated for their ability to predict sepsis-associated mortality. Investigations into the accuracy of NEWS2 to predict sepsis-associated mortality are required.© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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