British medical bulletin
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British medical bulletin · Dec 2019
ReviewAvian influenza viruses in humans: lessons from past outbreaks.
Human infections with avian influenza viruses (AIV) represent a persistent public health threat. The principal risk factor governing human infection with AIV is from direct contact with infected poultry and is primarily observed in Asia and Egypt where live-bird markets are common. ⋯ Sustained virus surveillance and collection of ecological and physiological parameters from birds in different environments is required to better understand influenza virus ecology and identify risk factors for human infection.
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British medical bulletin · Dec 2019
ReviewThe temporal effect of intra-articular ozone injections on pain in knee osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a most common orthopaedic condition, often complicated by inflammatory features. ⋯ The lack of a clear protocol of use is a major limitation, and to date there is no clear evidence of long-term efficacy.
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British medical bulletin · Dec 2019
ReviewBiomechanical issues of tissue-engineered constructs for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo approaches.
Given the limited regenerative capacity of injured articular cartilage, the absence of suitable therapeutic options has encouraged tissue-engineering approaches for its regeneration or replacement. ⋯ A multi-layer design and a zonal organization of the constructs may lead to achieve cartilage regeneration.
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British medical bulletin · Dec 2019
ReviewA case study of new approaches to address health inequalities: Due North five years on.
When local councils took on responsibility for public health in England in 2013, leaders from across the north of England met to consider the scale of the challenge. As a result, Public Health England commissioned the Due North Report which outlined new approaches in tackling health inequalities. This second paper outlines what has been learnt in five years as a case study. This includes influencing devolution deals and new elected city mayors, planning for economic growth in deprived areas and developing community asset-based approaches. The paper outlines a new framework for place-based planning to reduce health inequalities. ⋯ Commissioning high profile reports like Due North is influential in supporting new approaches in reducing inequality of health through local government, elected mayors; and working with deprived communities. This second paper describes progress and lessons.
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British medical bulletin · Dec 2019
ReviewGram-negative bloodstream infections and sepsis: risk factors, screening tools and surveillance.
Incidence of gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) and sepsis are rising in the UK. Healthcare-associated risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of infection and associated mortality. Current research is focused on identifying high-risk patients and improving the methods used for surveillance. ⋯ Advanced risk models should be created and evaluated for their ability to predict sepsis-associated mortality. Investigations into the accuracy of NEWS2 to predict sepsis-associated mortality are required.