• Edda Cava, Alessandro Collo, Elena Cecilia Capello, Fabrizio Mazza, and Sergio Riso.
• Unit of Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy. Electronic address: edda.cava@maggioreosp.novara.it.
• Nutrition. 2020 Nov 1; 79-80: 110858.

AbstractIn adults, a very uncommon presentation of celiac disease (CD) is a celiac crisis, a life-threatening and severe form of the disease having a dramatic onset with diarrhea and metabolic acidosis with electrolyte and fluid imbalance. Treatment of celiac crisis requires a gluten-free diet; however, the risk for refeeding syndrome (RFS) should be considered in patients showing marked malabsorption symptoms and important unintentional weight loss. Therefore, to avoid metabolic and potentially fatal complications of re-nutrition, nutritional management is crucial for a safe recovery after a celiac crisis. This review reports the rare onset of celiac crisis in a 75-y-old woman presenting with severe malnutrition resulting in >40% weight loss in 3 mo, after a period of severe diarrhea and vomiting. She arrived at the hospital showing electrolyte imbalance, hypoalbuminemia, lower limb edema, multiple bowel movements (>10/d) with steatorrhea, sarcopenia with profound asthenia, hyporexia due to intolerance to any food, and vomiting after meals. After being diagnosed with CD, the first approach was a gluten-free diet, which demonstrated only small and slow improvements of gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, a second approach was parenteral nutrition (PN) support that dramatically helped the patient's recovery. Here we describe the nutritional management during the inpatient stay for clinical stabilization and the following outpatient visits during and after the support with PN, until the patient's complete recovery to a regular follow-up.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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