• Mayu Takahashi and Yoshikazu Shinoda.
• Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan. Electronic address: takahashi.phy1@tmd.ac.jp.
• Neuroscience. 2021 May 10; 462: 70-88.

AbstractThis article is dedicated to the memory of Masao Ito. Masao Ito made numerous important contributions revealing the function of the cerebellum in motor control. His pioneering contributions to cerebellar physiology began with his discovery of inhibition and disinhibition of target neurons by cerebellar Purkinje cells, and his discovery of the presence of long-term depression in parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. Purkinje cells formed the nodal point of Masao Ito's landmark model of motor control by the cerebellum. These discoveries became the basis for his ideas regarding the flocculus hypothesis, the adaptive motor control system, and motor learning by the cerebellum, inspiring many new experiments to test his hypotheses. This article will trace the achievements of Ito and colleagues in analyzing the neural circuits of the input-output organization of the cerebellar cortex and nuclei, particularly with respect to motor control. The article will discuss some of the important issues that have been solved and also those that remain to be solved for our understanding of motor control by the cerebellum.Copyright © 2020 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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