• Esedra E Krüger, Alta Am Kritzinger, and Lidia L Pottas.
• Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
• Afr Health Sci. 2019 Sep 1; 19 (3): 2670-2678.

BackgroundNormative information on the breastfeeding of term newborns may guide clinicians in early identification of breastfeeding difficulties and oro-pharyngeal dysphagia (OPD), and may support optimal breastfeeding practices.ObjectiveTo describe breastfeeding skills of term newborn infants in a South African hospital, a lower-middle-income setting, and investigate associations between infants' feeding and other factors.MethodOne breastfeeding session of each of the 71 healthy newborn full-term infants (mean chronological age=1.9 days; mean gestation=39.1 weeks) was evaluated using the Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS), suitable for use with term newborns.ResultsAll participants were exclusively breastfed. Thirteen participants (18%) were HIV-exposed. There was no significant difference in the findings of the PIBBS between HIV-exposed and unexposed participants. Most newborns had obvious rooting, latched deeply onto the nipple and some of the areola, had repeated long sucking bursts (mean length=16.82 sucks/burst), and swallowed repeatedly. Most participants were in either the drowsy or quiet-alert state, which are optimal behavioural states for breastfeeding. One to two-hourly on-demand feeds was significantly associated with mothers who had normal births and did not use galactogogues to promote lactation.ConclusionResults may be used for early identification of OPD in newborns. The findings may be useful to primary care clinicians.© 2019 Krüger et al.

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