• Nutrition · Mar 2021

    Low tongue strength is associated with oral and cough-related abnormalities in older inpatients.

    • Akio Shimizu, Keisuke Maeda, Shinsuke Nagami, Ayano Nagano, Yumi Yamada, Midori Shimizu, Yuria Ishida, Jun Kayashita, Ichiro Fujishima, Naoharu Mori, Kenta Murotani, and Masaki Suenaga.
    • Department of Nutrition Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.
    • Nutrition. 2021 Mar 1; 83: 111062.

    ObjectivesSarcopenic dysphagia is partly characterized by a decline in the strength of the swallowing muscles. However, its associated characteristics and symptoms are unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics and symptoms of swallowing ability associated with low tongue muscle strength, which is one of the swallowing muscles in older adults.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 197 older patients admitted to the hospital for orthopedic conditions. We measured the maximum tongue pressure (MTP) against the palate. Swallowing-related characteristics were assessed with the Mann assessment of swallowing ability. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 81.3 ± 7.6 y, and 80.2% of patients were women. Forty-two patients (21.3%) showed low MTP, defined as <20 kPa. Approximately 50% of participants had sarcopenia. Patients in the low MTP group had a significantly higher incidence of sarcopenia compared with the normal MTP group (71.4% vs. 48.4%; P = .008). After adjusting for potential confounders in the multivariate analyses, low MTP was found to be independently associated with abnormalities in tongue coordination (odds ratio [OR]: 5.251; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.336-11.807; P < .001), oral transit (OR: 5.248; 95% CI, 1.424-19.345; P = .013), cough reflex (OR: 2.709; 95% CI, 1.280-5.733; P = .009), and voluntary cough (OR: 7.786; 95% CI, 3.329-18.208; P < .001).ConclusionsPatients with low tongue strength are characterized by abnormal oral and cough-related characteristics.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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