• Adrienn Holczer, Viola Luca Németh, Teodóra Vékony, Krisztián Kocsis, András Király, Zsigmond Tamás Kincses, László Vécsei, Péter Klivényi, and Anita Must.
• Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
• Neuroscience. 2021 May 1; 461: 130-139.

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by severe affective as well as cognitive symptoms. Moreover, cognitive impairment in MDD can persist after the remission of affective symptoms. Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) is a promising tool to manage the affective symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD); however, its cognition-enhancing effects are sparsely investigated. Here, we aimed to examine whether the administration of bilateral TBS has pro-cognitive effects in MDD. Ten daily sessions of neuronavigated active or sham TBS were delivered bilaterally over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to patients with MDD. The n-back task and the attention network task were administered to assess working memory and attention, respectively. Affective symptoms were measured using the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. We observed moderate evidence that the depressive symptoms of patients receiving active TBS improved compared to participants in the sham stimulation. No effects of TBS on attention and working memory were detected, supported by a moderate-to-strong level of evidence. The effects of TBS on psychomotor processing speed should be further investigated. Bilateral TBS has a substantial antidepressive effect with no immediate adverse effects on executive functions.Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

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