• Zhiqiang Feng, Chris Dibben, Miles D Witham, Peter T Donnan, Thenmalar Vadiveloo, Falko Sniehotta, Iain K Crombie, and Marion E T McMurdo.
• Longitudinal Studies Centre for Scotland, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK; Ageing and Health, University of Dundee, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, UK. Electronic address: zhiqiang.feng@st-andrews.ac.uk.
• Prev Med. 2014 Sep 1; 66: 101-6.

ObjectiveTo examine whether dog ownership amongst community dwelling older adults (≥ 65 years) is associated with objectively measured physical activity (PA).MethodsWe used data from the Physical Activity Cohort Scotland (PACS) which consists of 547 people aged 65 and over, resident in the community in Tayside, Scotland. The data was collected in 2009-2011. We assessed whether dog ownership is associated with objectively measured physical activity (accelerometry counts).ResultsThe physical activity (PA) counts of 547 older people (mean age 79 (standard deviation (SD) 8 years, 54% female) were analysed. Linear mixed models showed that dog ownership was positively related to higher PA levels. This positive relationship remained after controlling for a large number of individual and contextual variables, including attitude towards exercise, physical activity intention and history of physical activity. Dog owners were found to be 12% more active (21,875 counts, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2810 to 40,939, p<0.05) than non-dog owners.ConclusionDog ownership is associated with physical activity in later life. Interventions to increase activity amongst older people might usefully attempt to replicate elements of the dog ownership experience.Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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