• Šoip Šoipi, Majda Vučić, Borislav Spajić, Božo Krušlin, Miroslav Tomić, and Monika Ulamec.
• 1Department of Urology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Ljudevit Jurak Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia;4Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
• Acta Clin Croat. 2022 Feb 1; 60 (3): 519-524.

AbstractThe management of bladder cancer patients largely depends on pathologic staging and grading, and current morphological classification does not always show the individual patient's risk. Despite modern surgical techniques, pre- and postoperative therapies, clinical outcomes of these patients have not changed over decades. Today, there are new biomarkers for bladder cancer showing changes in tumor biology and progression, as a result of changes in the pathways affecting cell signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, epigenetic changes, angiogenesis, and modulation of host immune response. Assessment of multiple biomarkers associated with those pathways offers new understanding of tumor behavior while identifying important panels of predicting patient management and outcomes. In this review, the most important molecules and basics of the novel molecular classification of bladder cancer are presented.

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