• Chuan-Fa Hsieh, Song-Lih Huang, Chien-Lung Chen, Wei-Ta Chen, Huan-Cheng Chang, Ming-Ling Wu, and Chen-Chang Yang.
• Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
• Prev Med. 2012 Aug 1; 55 (2): 155-9.

BackgroundTaiwan has the highest incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been linked to CKD/ESRD in Taiwan. The specific effects and frequency of CHM on the risk of CKD are unknown.MethodsA hospital-based case-control study was performed from August 2006 through December 2009. The cases were consecutive nephrology outpatients 20years of age or older, with a first-time diagnosis of CKD, and without cancer or pre-existing renal disease. The controls were randomly selected outpatients that did not have CKD and were matched 1:1 to cases for age, gender and date of outpatient visit.ResultsFour hundred and twenty-four patients were recruited. Among 212 cases, 23.6% took non-prescribed CHM, compared to 6.6% among the controls (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that illiteracy [odds ratio (OR) 6.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4-16.6], hypertension (OR 5.4, 95% CI 2.9-9.8) and occasional use of non-prescribed CHM (OR 6.2, 95% CI 1.8-21.6) were positively associated with CKD, whereas regular exercise was inversely associated with CKD (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9).ConclusionOccasional use of non-prescribed CHM was associated with the risk of CKD in Taiwan.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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