• Saudi Med J · Feb 2022

    Emphasizing the link between blood types in multi-ethnic disparities and COVID-19 infection in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

    • Wesam A Nasif, Abeer S E Ali, Asim A Khogeer, Mohammed H Mukhtar, Mohamed M NourEldein, Ahmed Y Shebly, Shmukh H Alqahtani, Yahya A Alnashri, Ghidaa E Khouj, Ziyad I Gadah, and Mohammad A Althubiti.
    • From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
    • Saudi Med J. 2022 Feb 1; 43 (2): 177186177-186.

    ObjectivesTo analyze the impact and distribution of blood groups in different ethnicities and the extent of susceptibility to infection with COVID-19 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on 4,609 COVID-19 patients from five ethnic groups to assess the impact and distribution of different blood types and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. The study was carried out between November 2020 and June 2021 in the College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University in collaboration with the General Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.ResultsBlood group (A, B, and O) distributions in 2,617 COVID-19 patients with local control populations was done. Our study found that in both Saudi and non-Saudi populations, blood groups O and A were associated with higher infection rates, whereas blood group AB was associated with lower infection rates (p=0.0001). COVID-19 seems to be associated with blood groups A, B, and AB (RR=3.23, 95% CI=2.702-3.821, p=0.0001). COVID-19 risk was lower in people with O blood group (RR=0.783, 95% CI=0.733-0.836, p=0.0001). South Asians had higher odds of COVID-19 infection when compared to Saudi cases and other ethnic groups (OR=1.12, 95 % CI: 1.074-1.24, p=0.04).ConclusionWe emphasize that COVID-19 infection is not proportional among ethnically related blood groups. Notably, RhD-negative protect against COVID-19, whereas A and O blood types are more susceptible. Thus, when assessing COVID-19 prognosis and vaccination priority, blood groups A and O are critical.Copyright: © Saudi Medical Journal.

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