• Xiao-Fei Guo, Chong Wang, Ting Yang, Wen-Jun Ma, Jie Zhai, Ting Zhao, Tong-Cheng Xu, Jun Li, He Liu, Andrew J Sinclair, and Duo Li.
• Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
• Nutrition. 2022 Jul 1; 99-100: 111659.

ObjectivesThe fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)-adiponectin axis participates in energy hemostasis and obesity-related syndrome. The present study aimed to investigate whether concentrated fish oil (FO) intervention could alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via the regulation of the FGF21-adiponectin axis.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial, 61 patients with NAFLD, age 55.9 ± 15.6 y, were randomly divided into two groups: FO (3 g/d; n = 30) and corn oil (CO; 3 g/d; n = 31), which served as the control group.ResultsAfter a 3-mo intervention, there were significant net reductions in serum alanine transaminase (-5.4 ± 14.5 U/L vs. -0.25 ± 4.70 U/L; P = 0.001) and triacylglycerol (-0.70 ± 1.10 mmol/L vs. 0.11 ± 1.04 mmol/L; P = 0.018) levels in the FO group compared with the CO group. Furthermore, the mean changes of FGF21 levels (-16.3 ± 20.1 pg/mL vs. 7.2 ± 32.9 pg/mL; P = 0.002) were significantly decreased, but adiponectin levels (1.14 ± 1.53 μg/mL vs. -0.42 ± 2.04 pg/mL; P = 0.011) were significantly increased in the FO group compared with the CO group. In the animal study, the mice fed the high-fat diet demonstrated characteristics of NAFLD. The administration of FO significantly improved high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and inflammation compared with the high-fat control group. In addition, FO improved the sensitivity of FGF21, and stimulated the expression levels of adiponectin in the liver.ConclusionsThe present study suggested that FO could potentially ameliorate NAFLD through mediating the FGF21-adiponectin axis.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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