• Yu-Shen Yang, Chu-Yun Liu, Dan Wen, Da-Zhi Gao, Shu Lin, He-Fan He, and Xue-Feng Zhao.
• Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
• Transl Res. 2022 Nov 1; 249: 128143128-143.

AbstractDespite progress in prevention and treatment, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common malignancy worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer death in 2020. To evaluate various characteristics of human CRC, a variety of mouse models have been established. Transplant mouse models have distinct advantages in studying the clinical behavior and therapeutic progress of CRC. Host, xenograft, and transplantation routes are the basis of transplant mouse models. As the effects of the tumor microenvironment and the systemic environment on cancer cells are gradually revealed, 3 key elements of transplanted CRC mouse models have been revolutionized. This has led to the development of humanized mice, patient-derived xenografts, and orthotopic transplants that reflect the human systemic environment, patient's tumor of origin, and tumor growth microenvironments in immunodeficient mice, respectively. These milestone events have allowed for great progress in tumor biology and the treatment of CRC. This article reviews the evolution of these events and points out their strengths and weaknesses as innovative and useful preclinical tools to study CRC progression and metastasis and to exploit novel treatment schedules by establishing a testing platform. This review article depicts the optimal transplanted CRC mouse models and emphasizes the significance of surgical models in the study of CRC behavior and treatment response.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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