• Saudi Med J · Sep 2022

    Seroprevalence of community-acquired atypical bacterial pneumonia among adult COVID-19 patients from a single center in Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective cohort study.

    • Sari T Alhoufie, Nadir A Ibrahim, Naif H Alsharif, Khalid O Alfarouk, Hatim M Makhdoom, Khaled R Aljabri, Sayed H Saeed, Adnan A Khoumaeys, Yahya A Almutawif, Mustafa A Najim, Hamza M Ali, Alanoud A Aljifri, Ali M Kheyami, and Areej A Alhazmi.
    • From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
    • Saudi Med J. 2022 Sep 1; 43 (9): 100010061000-1006.

    ObjectivesTo investigate the seroprevalence of the community-acquired bacterial that causes atypical pneumonia among confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) patients.MethodsIn this cohort study, we retrospectively investigated the seroprevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila among randomly selected 189 confirmed COVID-19 patients at their time of hospital presentation via commercial immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against these bacteria. We also carried out quantitative measurements of procalcitonin in patients' serum.ResultsThe seropositivity for L. pneumophila was 12.6%, with significant distribution among patientsolder than 50 years (χ2 test, p=0.009), while those of M. pneumoniae was 6.3% and C. pneumoniae was 2.1%, indicating an overall co-infection rate of 21% among COVID-19 patients. No significant difference (χ2 test, p=0.628) in the distribution of bacterial co-infections existed between male and female patients. Procalcitonin positivity was confirmed amongst 5% of co-infected patients.ConclusionOur study documented the seroprevalence of community-acquired bacteria co-infection among COVID-19 patients. In this study, procalcitonin was an inconclusive biomarker for non-severe bacterial co-infections among COVID-19 patients. Consideration and proper detection of community-acquired bacterial co-infection may minimize misdiagnosis during the current pandemic and positively reflect disease management and prognosis.Copyright: © Saudi Medical Journal.

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