• Ahmad Jayedi, Mahdi Shafiei Neyestanak, Mostafa Qorbani, Abbas Abbasi-Ghahremanloo, Kurosh Djafarian, and Sakineh Shab-Bidar.
• Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• Nutrition. 2023 Nov 1; 115: 112185112185.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare characteristics of habitual and meal-specific dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis (LCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).MethodsParticipants included 778 adults selected for the present cross-sectional study from local health care centers in Tehran, Iran. Three 24-h dietary recalls evaluated dietary intake. LCA was used to group study participants into exclusive subgroups of individuals with similar patterns of dietary intake. CFA was applied to identify patterns of habitual and meal-specific dietary intake. Analysis of variance was used to compare the average scores of habitual and meal-specific CFA-derived dietary patterns across classes identified by LCA.ResultsUsing habitual dietary intake, CFA grouped correlated food items into three major factors: fruits and vegetables, mixed, and Western dietary patterns. LCA grouped study participants with similar patterns of habitual intake into four subgroups of individuals: fruits and vegetables, mixed, Western, and low consumer classes. LCA-fruits and vegetables, LCA-Western, and LCA-mixed classes had, respectively, higher mean scores of CFA-fruits and vegetables, CFA-Western, and CFA-mixed dietary patterns compared with other classes (P < 0.001). Similar findings were observed for meal-specific dietary intake, where classes identified by LCA had the highest mean scores of their corresponding dietary pattern identified by CFA.ConclusionHabitual and meal-specific classes identified by LCA were well characterized by the dietary patterns derived by CFA, suggesting that LCA may be an appropriate statistical approach to classify study participants with similar patterns of intake into exclusive subgroups of individuals.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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