• Dominick DePhilippis, Gabriela Khazanov, Dana E Christofferson, Carl Wayne Wesley, Jennifer L Burden, Joseph Liberto, and James R McKay.
• Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market St., Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC 20420, United States of America.
• Prev Med. 2023 Nov 1; 176: 107704107704.

ObjectiveThis article describes the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) national implementation of contingency management within VA substance use disorder (SUD) treatment programs.MethodsThe rationale for implementing CM, role of VA leadership, and training and supervision procedures are detailed. The role of the Veterans Canteen Service (VCS) in sustaining the CM implementation through the donation of incentives is outlined. Updated outcomes from the primary program, CM to incentivize stimulant abstinence, are provided. Data presented were gathered from June 2011 to January 2023, from VA facilities across the country.ResultsMore than 6000 Veterans from 119 VA facilities have received CM in a 12-week program in which two urine samples are obtained per week, with 92% of the samples negative for the targeted substance. Two other CM pilot projects are described. The first incentivizes adherence to injectable medications for opioid and alcohol use disorders, with over 580 veterans from 27 VA sites participating to date. The second incentivized smoking cessation in 312 patients from four sites. A new initiative in which CM is implemented in smaller community-based VA facilities through use of onsite prize cabinets is presented and the possibility of providing CM remotely in VA is discussed.ConclusionsIt has proved feasible to implement abstinence CM and several other CM pilot programs at many VA facilities. Factors that contributed to the success of the VA CM rollout, challenges that were encountered along the way, and lessons learned that may facilitate wider use of CM outside VA are discussed.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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