• Nutrition · Feb 2024

    Cross-sectional association of skeletal muscle mass and strength with dietary habits and physical activity among first-year university students in Japan: Results from the KEIJI-U study.

    • Toru Kusakabe, Hiroshi Arai, Yuji Yamamoto, Kazuwa Nakao, Yasunori Akamatsu, Yuki Ishihara, Tetsuya Tagami, Akihiro Yasoda, and Noriko Satoh-Asahara.
    • Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address: kusakabe@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
    • Nutrition. 2024 Feb 1; 118: 112265112265.

    ObjectiveRecently, the high prevalence of young Japanese individuals who are underweight has received attention because of the potential risk for sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of sarcopenia in Japanese youth.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we measured skeletal muscle mass using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device and handgrip strength (HGS) and administered questionnaires on dietary habits and physical activity in 1264 first-year university students ages 18 to 20 y (838 men and 426 women). Sarcopenia was confirmed based on the presence of both low skeletal muscle mass and weak muscle strength.ResultsIn all, 145 men (17%) and 69 women (16%) were diagnosed as underweight. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 8 men (1%) and 5 women (1%). There was a significantly higher prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and/or weak HGS in underweight individuals than in those in other body mass index (BMI) ranges. The multivariate analyses indicated that SMI and HGS were significantly associated with BMI in both sexes. Furthermore, after adjusting for BMI, both SMI and HGS were significantly associated with physical activity in men, and SMI was significantly associated with energy intake in women.ConclusionsFirst-year university students showed a high incidence of being underweight with low SMI and/or weak HGS, but the prevalence of sarcopenia was low in both sexes. There may be sex differences in factors related to muscle mass and strength, but further research is needed to clarify this.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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