• Abeera Ahmed, Ahmed Mushtaq, Irfan Ali Mirza, Fatima Sana, and Syed Rehan Asghar Naqvi.
• Department of Pathology, Combined Military Hospital Malir, Karachi, Pakistan.
• J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2024 Apr 1; 34 (4): 474479474-479.

ObjectiveTo develop an effective antimicrobial strategy for the management of chronic osteomyelitis.Study DesignObservational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Departments of Microbiology and Orthopaedics, Combined Military Hospital Malir, Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2021 to February 2022.MethodologyBone biopsies of 45 enrolled participants were taken for microbiological evaluation. Intravenous antibiotic therapy was begun as per empirical therapy based on the local antibiogram and antibiotic policy. Once the susceptibility pattern was available, targeted therapy started and continued for 28 to 42 days. Patients were evaluated based on inflammatory markers and clinical conditions for a minimum of six months to a maximum of one year.Results Out of the 45 patients, the majority 29% were soldiers, 40% belonging to the age group of 31-60 years. The common predisposing factor was trauma/fractures followed by diabetes and implants leading to chronic sinus discharge and decubitus ulcers. The most commonly isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus (38%) followed by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (31%). Cotrimoxazole and Rifampicin turned out to be good treatment options. Only 4.4% showed unsatisfactory prognosis, nonetheless, no mortality was observed during the course of treatment.ConclusionIn this study, highly resistant strains were observed with limited treatment options for chronic osteomyelitis, however, effective stewardship programmes with accurate diagnostic reporting and judicious use of antimicrobials can prevent overuse of the valuable resources.Key WordsAntimicrobial stewardship, Osteomyelitis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Empirical therapy, Antimicrobial resistance.

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