• Roberto de Paula do Nascimento, Amanda Vieira Lima, Lila Missae Oyama, Ana Paula Ribeiro Paiotti, Leonardo Cardili, Carlos Augusto Real Martinez, José Aires Pereira, Milena Ferreira Silva, Ingrid Candido Garofolo, Vera Lucia Flor Silveira, and Luciana Chagas Caperuto.
• Laboratory of Metabolic Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Diadema Campus, São Paulo, Brazil.
• Nutrition. 2020 Jun 1; 74: 110731.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or flaxseed oil (FO) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute ulcerative colitis in female mice.MethodsEighty C57BL/6J mice of 8-weeks-old were divided in four groups: Control (SO), 10%EVOO, 10%FO and 5%EVOO+5%FO. The oils were given through the AIN-93M diet. After 30 days, animals were divided in four more groups, in which half received 3%DSS in water for 5 days. Body weight loss, bleeding and stool consistency were verified for the Disease Activity Index (DAI). Animals were euthanized and their colon and spleen weighted and measured. Histopathological analysis, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 and the iNOS expression were evaluated in the colon samples.ResultsAnimals that received DSS presented with elevated disease activity index values; increased colon weight-to-length ratio; augmented leukocyte infiltration into the lamina propria and submucosa; and increased production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, and greater inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the distal colon. Individually or in combination, the oils were not able to reverse or mitigate any of the DSS-induced symptoms or damage. Additionally, the group of animals treated with DSS and supplemented with FO displayed increased spleen weight-to-body weight ratio, and the group that received a combination of EVOO and FO presented increased TNF-α levels compared with the respective control group.ConclusionConsumption of large amounts of EVOO and FO as a treatment for or prevention against ulcerative colitis could potentially elicit unwanted adverse effects.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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