Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases
-
Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Jan 2003
Development of antibodies against cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in Finland during the first eight years of life: a prospective study.
To clarify when antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) develop among young children, 1206 serum samples collected prospectively from 199 children born in 1989 and 1990 were studied. The samples were drawn at the ages of 7 and 13 months, then yearly until the age of 5 y and then at 7 and 8 y. In each age group at least 106 samples were collected. ⋯ The proportion of children with HSV antibodies remained low throughout the study, as only 17% of children had HSV antibodies at the age of 8 y. The data show that HSV infection is becoming acquired later in life and the proportion of uninfected children is increasing. The proportion of CMV infections during the perinatal period and early infancy remains high, in one-third of the children, and most children also have VZV infection during the early years of life.
-
Using the cecal ligation/puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in rodents, evidence was obtained for excessive activation of the complement system, which leads to nearly total loss of innate immune protective functions of blood neutrophils. These defects are associated with profound defects in chemotaxis, respiratory burst (H2O2 production) and phagocytosis. The molecular mechanisms of these defects are linked to the complement activation product C5a. ⋯ Such events in thymocytes are prevented if rats first are treated with anti-C5a or with anti-C5aR at the time of CLP. Treatment of CLP rats and mice with anti-C5a, anti-IL-6 or anti-C5aR dramatically improves survival rates after CLP, indicating a linkage between C5a and C5aR in the harmful outcomes of sepsis in rodents. Studies are underway in humans with sepsis to determine whether similar mechanisms are in play.
-
Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Jan 2002
Comparative StudyAntibiotic prescription rates vary markedly between 13 European countries.
There is a lack of data on antibiotic utilization in most European countries. In this study, information about the number of antibiotic prescriptions was obtained for Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the UK from the Institute for Medical Statistics Health Global Services in the UK. For Denmark and Sweden the information was obtained from the Danish Medicines Agency (Laegemiddelstyrelsen) and the National Corporation of Swedish Pharmacies (Apoteket AB), respectively. ⋯ In 1997, Greece (1,350), Spain (1,320) and Belgium (1,070) had the highest numbers of antibiotic prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitants in the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system for drugs group J01 while The Netherlands (390), Sweden (460) and Austria (480) had the lowest. The most common antibiotic drug was extended-spectrum penicillin in 6/13 countries, macrolides in Austria, Finland, Germany and Italy, phenoxymethylpenicillin in Denmark and Sweden and cephalosporins in Greece. The variation in the number of antibiotic prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitants between the 13 European countries was substantial in terms of both total use and use of different antibiotics.
-
Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Jan 2002
Review Case ReportsRat-bite fever in children: case report and review.
We report 2 cases of rat-bite fever (RBF), a multisystem zoonosis, in children and review the literature. RBF is caused by I of 2 Gram-negative organisms: Streptobacillus moniliformis or, less commonly, Spirillum minus. ⋯ An additional 10 cases from a MEDLINE review (1960-2000) are reviewed. RBF must be included in the differential diagnosis of febrile patients with rashes and a history of exposure to rats.
-
Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Jan 2002
Case ReportsNeonatal nosocomial pneumococcal infections acquired by patient-to-patient transmission.
A case of neonatal nosocomial pneumococcal sepsis acquired by patient-to-patient transmission and confirmed by phenotypic and genotypic typing is documented. To the best of our knowledge this is the first documented case of neonatal nosocomial person-to-person transmission.