Journal of the National Cancer Institute
-
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Sep 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialFluorescence versus white-light bronchoscopy for detection of preneoplastic lesions: a randomized study.
There are no currently approved methods for the screening and early detection of lung cancer. We compared the ability of conventional white-light bronchoscopy (WLB) and laser-induced fluorescence endoscopy (LIFE) to detect preneoplastic lung lesions in a randomized trial in which both the order of the procedures and the bronchoscopists were randomly assigned. ⋯ LIFE was more sensitive than WLB in detecting preneoplastic bronchial changes in high-risk subjects. The prognostic implication of this finding is not yet clear.
-
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jan 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of high-risk febrile neutropenia: a multicenter randomized trial.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) have been shown to help prevent febrile neutropenia in certain subgroups of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, but their role in treating febrile neutropenia is controversial. The purpose of our study was to evaluate-in a prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial-the efficacy of adding G-CSF to broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment of patients with solid tumors and high-risk febrile neutropenia. ⋯ Adding G-CSF to antibiotic therapy shortens the duration of neutropenia, reduces the duration of antibiotic therapy and hospitalization, and decreases hospital costs in patients with high-risk febrile neutropenia.
-
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Sep 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialCanadian National Breast Screening Study-2: 13-year results of a randomized trial in women aged 50-59 years.
Screening for breast cancer with mammography in women aged 50 years or more has been shown to reduce mortality from breast cancer. However, the extent to which mammography contributes to the reduction of mortality in women who also undergo physical examination of the breasts is not known. This study was designed to compare breast cancer mortality following annual screening consisting of two-view mammography and physical examination of the breasts with mortality following annual screening by physical examination only. Breast self-examination was taught to all participants. ⋯ In women aged 50-59 years, the addition of annual mammography screening to physical examination has no impact on breast cancer mortality.
-
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialEffects of vinorelbine on quality of life and survival of elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. The Elderly Lung Cancer Vinorelbine Italian Study Group.
Vinorelbine, a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid, represents a well-tolerated treatment for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We explored the quality of life (QoL) of such patients in a multicenter randomized trial that compared vinorelbine treatment with supportive care alone. ⋯ Vinorelbine improves survival of elderly patients with advanced NSCLC and possibly improves overall QoL.
-
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Apr 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialOral transmucosal fentanyl citrate: randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial for treatment of breakthrough pain in cancer patients.
Patients with cancer frequently experience episodes of acute pain, i.e., breakthrough pain, superimposed on their chronic pain. Breakthrough pain is usually treated with short-acting oral opioids, most of which provide some relief after 15-20 minutes, with peak effects after 30-45 minutes. Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC), a unique formulation of the opioid fentanyl, has been shown to provide meaningful pain relief within 5 minutes in patients following surgery. We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of OTFC for cancer-related breakthrough pain. ⋯ OTFC appears effective in the treatment of cancer-related breakthrough pain.