Journal of the National Cancer Institute
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · May 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialSector resection with or without postoperative radiotherapy for stage I breast cancer: five-year results of a randomized trial. Uppsala-Orebro Breast Cancer Study Group.
The effectiveness of routine postoperative irradiation following breast-conserving treatment of breast cancer has not previously been assessed in randomized clinical trials that have taken place in settings where mammography has been a major pathway to diagnosis or that have followed patients treated surgically by sector resection. ⋯ The increase in recurrence rate observed over time suggests that surgical technique and patient selection should be improved. The benefits of reduced cost and patient inconvenience that would result from the elimination of postoperative radiotherapy must be carefully weighed against the disadvantages of local recurrence. Longer term follow-up must be done to estimate the risk of cancer recurrence in these women 10 and 15 years later, and methods must be developed to identify those women who have a higher risk of recurrence. Finally, economic analyses of this and similar trials are needed to give empirical underpinnings for optimal use of radiotherapy.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Apr 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialEndometrial cancer in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients: findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-14.
Tamoxifen is advantageous in treating all stages of breast cancer. However, studies have suggested that incidence and severity of endometrial cancer increase in women treated with tamoxifen. ⋯ Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer should continue. In addition, the relative risk of endometrial cancer observed in B-14 tamoxifen-treated patients is consistent with the twofold relative risk used in the initial risk-benefit computation for the NSABP breast cancer prevention trial.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Apr 1994
Breast cancer among young U.S. women in relation to oral contraceptive use.
While most studies have found no association between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer, several studies of younger women have reported an association with long-term oral contraceptive use. PURPOSE. We studied the relationship of patterns of oral contraceptive use to breast cancer risk among younger women. These women have had oral contraceptives available their entire reproductive lives and are now entering the breast cancer-prone years. ⋯ Future studies should investigate whether the patterns of risk we reported are present as this cohort ages.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Feb 1994
Prospective study of plasma fatty acids and risk of prostate cancer.
Although some evidence suggests that dietary fat intake is related to prostate cancer, epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent. ⋯ The effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid, particularly from vegetable sources, warrant further study. The effects of dietary linoleic acid and marine fatty acids seen in animal bioassays might not apply to human prostate cancer.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jan 1994
Second cancers following oral and pharyngeal cancers: role of tobacco and alcohol.
The exceptionally high rate of second primary cancers among patients with oral and pharyngeal cancers is well recognized, yet there has been limited epidemiologic study of risk factors for second tumors. ⋯ Avoidance of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking is the most desirable way not only to prevent primary oral cancers, but also to reduce risk of second cancers of the aerodigestive system.