Journal of the National Cancer Institute
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Nov 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialLung Cancer Risk and Demographic Characteristics of Current 20-29 Pack-year Smokers: Implications for Screening.
Based on current recommendations, 30+ pack-years of smoking are required for eligibility for low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening; former smokers must have quit within 15 years. We investigated whether current smokers with 20 to 29 pack-years have similar lung cancer risks as eligible former smokers and also whether they have a different demographic profile. ⋯ The potential benefits and harms of recommending LDCT screening for 20 to 29-pack-year current smokers should be assessed.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jan 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialCost-effectiveness of prostate cancer screening: a simulation study based on ERSPC data.
The results of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) trial showed a statistically significant 29% prostate cancer mortality reduction for the men screened in the intervention arm and a 23% negative impact on the life-years gained because of quality of life. However, alternative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening strategies for the population may exist, optimizing the effects on mortality reduction, quality of life, overdiagnosis, and costs. ⋯ Prostate cancer screening can be cost-effective when it is limited to two or three screens between ages 55 to 59 years. Screening above age 63 years is less cost-effective because of loss of QALYs because of overdiagnosis.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Apr 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyMagnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for patients with painful bone metastases: phase III trial results.
Pain due to bone metastases is a common cause of cancer-related morbidity, with few options available for patients refractory to medical therapies and who do not respond to radiation therapy. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS), a noninvasive method of thermal tissue ablation for palliation of pain due to bone metastases. ⋯ This multicenter phase III trial demonstrated that MRgFUS is a safe and effective, noninvasive treatment for alleviating pain resulting from bone metastases in patients that have failed standard treatments.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Oct 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialSex hormone levels and risk of breast cancer with estrogen plus progestin.
Although high endogenous sex hormone levels and estrogen plus progestin (E+P) therapy are associated with increased breast cancer risk, it is unknown whether pretreatment levels of sex hormones modify E+P effect on breast cancer. ⋯ Women with lower pr-treatment endogenous estrogen levels were at greater risk of breast cancer during E+P therapy compared with those with higher levels. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · May 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialProstate cancer mortality in the Finnish randomized screening trial.
Prostate cancer (PC) screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been shown to decrease PC mortality by the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). We evaluated mortality results in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial, the largest component of ERSPC. The primary endpoint was PC-specific mortality. ⋯ At 12 years, a relatively conservative screening protocol produced a small, non-statistically significant PC-specific mortality reduction in the Finnish trial, at the cost of moderate overdiagnosis.