Journal of epidemiology and community health
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J Epidemiol Community Health · Sep 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyIs universal prevention against youths' substance misuse really universal? Gender-specific effects in the EU-Dap school-based prevention trial.
Studies of effectiveness of school-based prevention of substance misuse have generally overlooked gender differences. The purpose of this work was to analyse gender differences in the effectiveness of a new European school-based curriculum for prevention of substance misuse among adolescents. ⋯ Comprehensive social influence school curricula against substance misuse in adolescence may perform differently among girls and boys, owing to developmental and personality factors.
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J Epidemiol Community Health · Mar 2009
Multicenter StudySex differences in use of interventional cardiology persist after risk adjustment.
Studies from several countries have documented gender disparities in the management of coronary artery disease. Whether such gender disparities are seen in Italy and, if so, whether they can be explained by factors such as age and severity of illness were investigated. ⋯ Men and women admitted to hospitals in a region of northern Italy with a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease are treated differently and this cannot be explained by age or severity of disease.
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J Epidemiol Community Health · Mar 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyThe effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a national lay-led self care support programme for patients with long-term conditions: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.
Supporting patients' self care could have a major effect on the management of long-term conditions, which has led to worldwide interest in effective self care interventions. In England, self care support is being developed through the "Expert Patients Programme", which provides lay-led generic courses to improve patients' self care skills. However, the clinical and cost effectiveness of such courses remains unclear. ⋯ Lay-led self care support groups are effective in improving self-efficacy and energy levels among patients with long-term conditions, and are likely to be cost effective over 6 months at conventional values of a decision-maker's willingness to pay. They may be a useful addition to current services in the management of long-term conditions.
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J Epidemiol Community Health · Sep 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialEvidence based educational outreach visits: effects on prescriptions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
To evaluate the effectiveness of an evidence based group educational outreach visit on prescription patterns of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in primary care. ⋯ Evidence based educational outreach visits are more effective than no intervention at all. Results suggest that evidence based educational outreach visits are incrementally more effective than conventional educational sessions, which in turn are more effective than no intervention at all.
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J Epidemiol Community Health · Jun 2002
Multicenter StudyBunk versus conventional beds: a comparative assessment of fall injury risk.
To depict the magnitude and spectrum of childhood injuries attributable to falls from bunk beds in comparison with conventional beds and to outline sociodemographic risk factors and injury characteristics. ⋯ Falls from bunk beds represent a non-negligible childhood injury risk. A sizeable fraction can be avoided with simple design modifications of the product, such as use of side rails in the upper bed or removal of the bed ladder when not in use.