Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2022
Body-composition phenotypes and their associations with cardiometabolic risks and health behaviours in a representative general US sample.
Body mass index is poor at distinguishing between adiposity and muscle. Based on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry data, a diagnostic framework to analyze body composition by categorizing fat- and muscle-mass body composition into four phenotypes has been proposed. The objective of this study was to assess the association between body-composition phenotypes with adiposity measures, health behaviours and cardiometabolic risks in a representative U. ⋯ The two high adiposity phenotypes were associated with poorer health behaviours and cardiovascular risk factors, regardless of muscle-mass, but associations differed across the phenotypes. Results further underscores the importance of accounting for both adiposity and muscle mass in measurement and analysis. Further longitudinal investigation is needed.
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2022
Factors associated with timely colposcopy following an abnormal cervical cancer test result.
Successful cervical cancer prevention requires screening and appropriate management of abnormal test results. Management includes diagnostic evaluation and treatment, if indicated, based on cervical cancer risk after most abnormal test results. There is little guidance on the optimal timing of diagnostic evaluation, and few data exist on factors associated with timely management. ⋯ We observed that sites with more centralized processes had higher proportions of colposcopy completion, and patients with high-grade results were more consistently evaluated earlier than patients with low-grade results. Patient age also affected receipt of timely colposcopy, though this association differed by healthcare system and result severity. These data suggest opportunities for system-level interventions to improve management of abnormal cervical cancer test results.
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2022
Distinct groups of firearm owners with differential risk for suicide in the United States: A latent class analysis.
Suicide is a leading cause of mortality and firearm suicide accounts for the majority of fatalities. Firearm owners are a diverse population and firearm-specific suicide prevention programs should be tailored to distinct at-risk firearm-owning groups. This study set out to identify groups of firearm owners with differential suicide risk having unique characteristics that could be used to customize suicide prevention efforts. ⋯ Relative to other groups of firearm owners, one at-risk group were more affluent with a history of adverse experiences and mental health challenges, a second group had more male veterans with high levels of alcohol consumption, and third group had more non-heterosexual women who experienced trauma. We conclude that there are three unique groups of firearm owners with higher than average suicide risk with very different characteristics. In addition to broad suicide prevention efforts, customized firearm suicide prevention programs should be developed individually for these different firearm-owning populations, taking into consideration the unique suicide risk factors and demographics of each group.
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2022
A cluster analysis of health behaviours and their relationship to mental health difficulties, life satisfaction and functioning in adolescents.
Research has documented relationships between individual health behaviours and mental health, but few studies have examined patterns of health behaviours (i.e., health lifestyles) and mental health outcomes. This study investigated the relationship between health lifestyles and mental health and psychological wellbeing in adolescents. Data from the My World Survey 2 - Second Level (MWS2-SL), a random national sample of 9493 adolescents (44.2% male) aged 12-18 years (M = 14.8, SD = 1.66) in second level education in Ireland were used. ⋯ Cluster 1 were more likely to be older and male, Cluster 3 were more likely to be younger and female. Findings demonstrate the potential for health promotive lifestyles to mitigate mental health difficulties and promote life satisfaction and daily functioning in adolescents. Health lifestyles represent important indicators of mental health and targets for prevention/promotion efforts.
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2022
Physical abuse in childhood and intimate partner violence in Peruvian women: A population-based survey, 2019.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health problem and a violation of individual rights. The objective of this study was to assess the association between physical child abuse and current IPV in women of childbearing age in Peru. An analytical cross-sectional analysis of the data from the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey was carried out. ⋯ After adjusting for the characteristics of the woman, the partner or husband, marriage or relationship and the home, it was observed that having experienced physical abuse during childhood increased the probability of experiencing emotional (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.21), physical (aPR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.20-1.47), sexual (aPR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.26-1.96) and any type of violence (aPR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09-1.21) in adulthood. In conclusion, physical abuse during childhood is a public health issue in Peru. This study shows that women aged 15 to 49 who experienced physical abuse in childhood are more likely to experience intimate partner violence.