Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · May 2023
ReviewParticipation, barriers, and facilitators of cancer screening among LGBTQ+ populations: A review of the literature.
The LGBTQ+ community is at higher risk of certain cancers but is less likely to participate in screening programs or engage with preventive healthcare. Despite this, the barriers and facilitators to cancer screening are not well understood in this population. We conducted a literature review of research related to LGBTQ+ participation in cancer screening, as well as barriers and facilitators to participation. ⋯ Barriers to participation were found at the individual-, provider-, and administrator-level, and good communication with a healthcare provider was the strongest facilitator. These results provide reasonable first steps toward improving participation rates for LGBTQ+ populations in cancer screening. Patient-centered approaches should draw on core guiding principles to inform the provision of care, including anticipating LGBTQ+ patients, improving knowledge about care for these patients, and confronting individually-held biases that may affect care, in order to improve care experiences and participation rates in preventive services.
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Preventive medicine · May 2023
Neighborhood social cohesion and type 2 diabetes mellitus by age, gender, and race/ethnicity in the United States.
In prior research, perceived low neighborhood social cohesion (nSC) has been associated with prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, few studies have investigated the nSC-T2DM relationship among a large, racially/ethnically diverse, and nationally representative sample of the U. S. population. We used National Health Interview Survey (2013-2018) data to determine overall, age-, sex/gender-, and racial/ethnic-specific associations between nSC and T2DM among 170,432 adults. ⋯ A higher prevalence of T2DM was observed among participants 31-49 years old who perceived low vs. high nSC (PR = 1.36 [95% CI: 1.20-1.54]) and among participants ≥50 years old (PR = 1.18 [95% CI: 1.13-1.24]). Hispanic/Latinx women 18-30 years old in neighborhoods with low vs. high social cohesion had a higher prevalence of T2DM (PR = 3.70 [95% CI: 1.40-9.80]), whereas NH-Black women 18-30 years old in neighborhoods with medium vs. high social cohesion had a lower prevalence of T2DM (PR = 0.35 [95% CI: 0.14-0.89]). Our findings support the literature by demonstrating an association between neighborhood environment and T2DM as well as extend it by identifying determinants for intervention for T2DM.
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Preventive medicine · May 2023
E-cigarette preemption laws: Limiting local communities from protecting youth.
E-cigarette use is prevalent among youth in the United States. Historically, local communities have been a catalyst for adopting evidence-based tobacco control policies. However, some states have ceiling preemption laws that prevent more stringent statutes from being enacted at the city or county level and inhibit tobacco control efforts. ⋯ Of these states, 19 preempt advertising regulations, 11 preempt licensure requirements, four preempt ordinances for indoor clean air, and 21 preempt youth access. A broad range of terms was employed to describe preemption, yet few states explicitly used the term "preempt." E-cigarette ceiling preemption laws inhibit public health progress and prevent local authorities from addressing the popularity of e-cigarettes among adolescents. States without preemption laws should be encouraged to adopt language that expressly saves local authority.
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Preventive medicine · May 2023
The longitudinal association between asthma severity and physical fitness among new York City public school youth.
Severe persistent childhood asthma is associated with low physical activity and may be associated with poor physical fitness. Research on the asthma severity-fitness association longitudinally and across sociodemographic subgroups is needed to inform fitness interventions targeting youth with asthma. We evaluated the relationship between asthma severity (categorized as severe, mild, or no asthma) and subsequent fitness in New York City (NYC) public school youth enrolled in grades 4-12 using the NYC Fitnessgram dataset (2010-2018). ⋯ After stratifying by demographics, the magnitude of the asthma severity-fitness relationship was highest for non-Hispanic white vs. all other racial/ethnic subgroups, and was similar across sex, grade level, and household poverty status. Overall, we observed an inverse longitudinal relationship between asthma severity and subsequent fitness among urban youth, particularly non-Hispanic Whites. Future research should examine how neighborhood-level factors impact the asthma severity-fitness relationship across racial/ethnic subgroups.
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Preventive medicine · May 2023
Relationship between polyvictimization and overweight among adolescents from São Paulo city, Brazil.
This study is to identify victimization patterns and analyze the association between the experience of polyvictimization and overweight or obesity among adolescent girls and boys. The sample consisted of 2680 Brazilian ninth-graders enrolled in public and private schools, taken from the São Paulo Project for the social development of children and adolescents (SP-PROSO). Victimization was explored in two ways: (i) as per Finkelhor and (ii) by latent class analysis (LCA). ⋯ Only the class of high polyvictimization was associated with being overweight (ORadj: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.01-2.54) in girls. In this study, polyvictimization was associated with being overweight only among adolescent girls. Longitudinal studies in different contexts and populations are needed to understand this relationship.