Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2022
Disparities in high schools' vaccination coverage (COVID-19). A natural experiment in the Province of Quebec.
Teenagers' vaccination has become crucial to limit the COVID-19 transmission in the population. To increase the vaccination rate of this age group, a school-based vaccination campaign was launched in Québec, Canada from June 7 to 18, 2021. This study aimed to analyze trajectories of vaccination coverage over time among students attending 37 high schools. ⋯ Similar trends were observed for the second dose, although between schools' inequality at the end of the period of observation was significantly larger. The school-based vaccination campaign might have initially contributed to a prompt rise in vaccination coverage and helped the disadvantaged schools to reach similar vaccination coverage as seen in other schools. In addition to being an efficient way to achieve rapidly high vaccination coverage, the school-based approach might contribute to increase equity in vaccination distribution.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2022
Human papilloma virus vaccination and cervical cancer screening coverage in managed care plans - United States, 2018.
Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination for adolescents aged 11-12 years and cervical cancer screening for women aged 21-65 years are recommended to help prevent cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe 2018 National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS®) data for the United States on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening from 275 commercial preferred provider organizations (PPOs), 219 commercial health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and 204 Medicaid HMOs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and NCQA analyzed the data in 2021. ⋯ The mean rate for cervical cancer screening was 75.9% in commercial HMOs, 72.6% in commercial PPOs, and 60.3% among Medicaid HMOs. Medicaid HMOs reported higher HPV vaccination rates but lower cervical cancer screening rates than commercial plans. These differences raise questions about explanatory factors and how to improve prevention performance by plan category.
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Preventive medicine · May 2022
Meta AnalysisRisk factors for incident cardiovascular events among adults in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
The relative contributions of risk factors for cardiovascular events at a population level has received little attention in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of risk factors associated with incident cardiovascular events in LMICs. We searched six databases for relevant articles, supplemented with a manual search of reference lists. ⋯ A substantial proportion of incident cardiovascular events were linked to traditional metabolic and behavioural modifiable risk factors. However, other novel risk factors also appear to contribute. Targeting of these established and novel risk factors has the potential to reduce the burden of CVD in LMICs.