Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2020
Citizenship and health insurance status predict glycemic management: NHANES data 2007-2016.
The prevalence of diabetes in United States (US) immigrants is higher than the general population. Non-citizenship and lack of health insurance have been associated with increased health risks including diabetes, but previous US studies were done in non-representative samples and did not examine the effect on glycemic management. The purpose of this study was to compare demographic, metabolic, and behavioral risk factors for increased blood glucose including citizenship and health insurance status, and determine predictors of poor glycemic management (A1C ≥ 8.0%). ⋯ Non- citizens (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.20-2.51) and uninsured persons (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.53-2.59) were nearly twice as likely to have poor glycemic management than US citizens by naturalization and insured individuals respectively. We conclude that citizenship and absence of health insurance negatively impacts diabetes management. Policy decisions are needed that address primary and secondary prevention strategies for individuals without citizenship and health insurance to reduce diabetes burden in the US.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2020
Adherence to aerobic and muscle-strengthening exercise guidelines and associations with psychological distress: A cross-sectional study of 14,050 English adults.
Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for the prevention and management of psychological distress. However, no studies have investigated which combination/s of PA prescribed in the current global guidelines (i.e. aerobic moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA] and muscle-strengthening exercise [MSE]) are most strongly linked to reduced psychological distress. This study aimed to examine how PA guidelines adherence is associated with psychological distress. ⋯ Compared to category 1, the likelihood of experiencing high psychological distress was lowest in category 4 (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.54-0.77) followed by category 3 (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67-0.90), while it did not differ in category 2 (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.75-2.05). This is the first study to identify the association between PA guidelines adherence and psychological distress in a large population sample. Findings suggest that meeting both aerobic MVPA and MSE guidelines might be most beneficial for mental health.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2020
Associations of home and workplace vaping restrictions with e-cigarette use among U.S. adults.
The current study examined home and workplace vaping restrictions and their associations with e-cigarette use, frequency of e-cigarette use, and exposure to environmental vape aerosol among adults in the U. S. We used data from the 2018 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey to determine these associations. ⋯ Vaping restrictions in homes were associated with lower prevalence and frequency of e-cigarette use. Those in worksites with complete vaping bans were less likely to be exposed to environmental aerosol at work. Home e-cigarette restrictions appear to have a stronger association with e-cigarette use behaviors than workplace restrictions.