Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
State laws addressing teen dating violence in US high schools: A difference-in-differences study.
Teen dating violence (TDV) is prevalent with lifelong adverse consequences, and strategies to reduce its burden are needed. Many U.S. states have enacted laws to address TDV in schools, but few studies have examined their effectiveness. This study aimed to assess whether state TDV laws were associated with changes in physical TDV victimization among high school students. ⋯ We found no significant association between enactment of TDV laws and physical TDV among high school students. Further research is needed to understand how TDV laws are implemented and components of TDV laws that may influence effectiveness.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
ReviewPrevalence of cervical human papillomavirus in kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the prevalence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and, furthermore to compare it to that in immunocompetent controls. ⋯ This meta-analysis establishes an increased cervical hrHPV prevalence in KTRs compared to controls. The increased risk may be associated with immunosuppressive therapy post-transplantation. Further research is needed to explore the potential benefits of HPV vaccination, including potential revaccination strategies in KTRs.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
Genetic risk, adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors, and risk of cholelithiasis: A population-based cohort study.
Genetic and lifestyles contribute to cholelithiasis, but the impact of adhering to healthy lifestyle on cholelithiasis risk remains uncertain. We aimed to assess combined lifestyle factors and a polygenic risk score on incident cholelithiasis. ⋯ Our study highlights the importance of lifestyle behaviors intervention on cholelithiasis risk regardless of the genetic risk in White European population.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
Recovery of measles-containing and HPV vaccine ordering post-COVID-19 pandemic: Trends by public vs. private funding source, urbanicity, and state - United States, January 2018 - December 2022.
To assess recovery in childhood and adolescent vaccine ordering since initial declines in 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic-related disruptions. ⋯ Findings show that monthly measles-containing and HPV vaccine ordering has recovered; however, deficits remain. Greater deficits in publicly funded vaccine doses and HPV ordering in rural counties suggest varying level of recovery. To reduce gaps in deficits, health care providers are strongly encouraged to use every visit to recommend needed vaccines.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
ReviewThe validity of instruments to measure knowledge in population-based cancer screening targeting individuals at average risk - A systematic review.
Relevant knowledge is essential for informed choices about (non)participation in population-based cancer screening. Many instruments have been proposed to assess residents' knowledge about cancer screening programmes but their measurement properties are unknown. This systematic review aims to identify and critically evaluate the measurement properties of instruments to measure knowledge about cancer screening in individuals eligible for population-based screening. ⋯ This systematic review identified no instruments to measure knowledge about cancer screening where the measurement properties were sufficiently evaluated. There is a lack of focus on content validity and structural validity, and further validation of the instruments is needed. The results indicate a lack of shared understanding or agreement of what constitutes relevant knowledge about cancer screening.