Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
High-risk smoking in the United States: Nicotine staining predicts increased colonic adenomas and advanced adenomas on colonoscopy.
Smoking is linked with numerous adverse health effects. Nicotine staining on fingers or teeth is thought to suggest active or heavy smoking. The significance of nicotine staining within gastroenterology remains unclear. ⋯ This marks the first investigation of nicotine staining within gastroenterology. We have demonstrated that the presence of nicotine staining independently predicts numerous adenomas and advanced adenomas.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
ReviewSchool-based physical activity interventions: which intervention characteristics are associated with participation and retention? A meta-analysis.
Many school-based intervention studies are conducted to increase students' physical activity (PA). Recruitment and retention problems potentially impact the robustness of RCT findings. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize recruitment and retention rates in long-term secondary school-based PA intervention studies and examined associated participant and intervention characteristics. ⋯ Recruitment and retention rates in school-based PA interventions are high. Some participant and intervention characteristics influence these rates: flexibility of the intervention, theory/model-based intervention, accelerometer use, intervention duration, continent, and number of females. Researchers should consider these characteristics in intervention development to achieve optimal balance between intervention effectiveness, recruitment, and retention.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
Age-varying associations between attempts to change weight and suicidal ideation among adolescents in the United States.
The goal of this study was to inform theory and suicide prevention efforts by examining how the link between attempts to change weight and suicidal ideation varies across adolescence, when it is strongest, and whether there are sex differences. ⋯ Girls and boys who are trying to lose weight and girls who are trying to gain weight may be at elevated risk for suicidal ideation between ages 14 and 18 years. Findings illuminate patterns of association during adolescence and have implications for suicide prevention.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
Implementation of recommended treatment for children in weight management programs: Lessons from the stay in treatment study sites.
Pediatric obesity remains a public health crisis in the United States, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. There are recommended guidelines for multidisciplinary care, but they remain challenging to implement, even in tertiary care weight management programs. The aim of this analysis is to describe the implementation of these recommendations among four pediatric weight management programs in the United States. ⋯ Ongoing state and national advocacy are needed in the US to create consistent coverage for private and public insurance plans, so that high-risk children can have access to recommended treatment.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
Examining the relationship of flavored tobacco product policy restrictions and flavored tobacco product use, among adolescents and young adults in the U.S.
This work examines the relationship between local flavor policy exposure and any tobacco product use and flavored tobacco product use among U.S. youth and young adults, as well as the equity potential of these policies by race/ethnicity. ⋯ Exposure to flavor restriction policies is associated with lower odds of any tobacco and flavored use among youth and young adults. Flavor restrictions may be beneficial in reducing tobacco use in youth from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds. However, passing policies covering NH-Black individuals is needed to mitigate disparities in tobacco use by flavor policy coverage over time.