Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
Sedentary behavior and the combination of physical activity associated with dementia, functional disability, and mortality: A cohort study of 90,471 older adults in Japan.
To examine the associations of sedentary behavior (SB) and the combination of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) with dementia, functional disability, and mortality in older adults, and the heterogeneity in different subpopulations. ⋯ Prolonged daily SB was associated with higher risks of dementia, functional disability, and mortality in older adults, regardless of MVPA, sex, education, and chronic conditions. Individuals with high MVPA also face considerable risks when engaging in high SB. High MVPA with high SB revealed a comparable risk to no MVPA with low SB.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
Squamocolumnar junction visibility, age, and implications for cervical cancer screening programs.
Visual assessment is currently used for primary screening or triage of screen-positive individuals in cervical cancer screening programs. Most guidelines recommend screening and triage up to at least age 65 years old. We examined cervical images from participants in three National Cancer Institute funded cervical cancer screening studies: ALTS (2864 participants recruited between 1996 to 1998) in the United States (US), NHS (7548 in 1993) in Costa Rica, and the Biopsy study (684 between 2009 to 2012) in the US. ⋯ Of note, in the Biopsy study, the live colposcopic exam resulted in significantly higher SCJ visibility as compared to review of static images (Weighted kappa 0.27 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.21, 0.33), Asymmetry chi-square P-value<0.001). Lack of SCJ visibility leads to increased difficulty in diagnosis and management of cervical precancers. Therefore, cervical cancer screening programs reliant on visual assessment might consider lowering the upper age limit for screening if there are not adequately trained personnel and equipment to evaluate and manage participants with inadequately visible SCJ.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
Housework participation and mortality in Japanese male patients undergoing cancer surgery: A propensity score-matched study.
Participation in housework and meal preparation are instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) evaluation items that is known to predict prognosis and complications in cancer care. However, these items are often assessed only for females, not for males, in IADL. ⋯ Males who did not regularly do household chores before elective cancer surgery had worse life outcomes. Doing more daily physical activities, such as household chores like making the bed and cleaning the room, might have a positive impact on survival when fighting cancer.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
Countering online marketing and user endorsements with enhanced cannabis warning labels: An online experiment among at-risk youth and young adults.
As cannabis legalization expands and online marketing intensifies, this study examines whether online social cues can amplify youth-targeted cannabis advertising and whether cannabis warning labels (CWLs) can counteract these influences. A U. S. online sample of 970 adolescents and 1776 young adults susceptible to cannabis use were recruited from Qualtrics in summer 2022. ⋯ For young adults, both pictorial (b = -0.18, p = .002) and textual warnings (b = -0.12, p = .029) reduced product appeal. Furthermore, both textual (adolescents: b = -0.20, p = .004; young adults: b = -0.15, p = .005) and pictorial (adolescents: b = -0.30, p < .001; young adults: b = -0.18, p = .001) warnings reduced cannabis use intentions. Findings support requiring enhanced CWLs accompany online marketing ads.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
Impact of a pharmaceutical algorithm on patients with upper-gastrointestinal symptoms: A pre-post intervention study.
To evaluate the algorithm impact on the upper gastrointestinal patients' symptoms (PROMs) and satisfaction with pharmaceutical care received (PREMs). ⋯ Implementation of the upper-gastrointestinal symptoms algorithm in Community pharmacies had a positive impact on patients' symptoms, quality of life, and satisfaction with pharmaceutical care received.