Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2015
Association of socioeconomic status with inflammatory markers: a two cohort comparison.
To assess the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and inflammatory markers using two different European population samples. ⋯ Large social differences exist in inflammatory activity, in part independently from demographic and behavioural factors, chronic conditions and medication use. SES differences in inflammation are also similar in countries with different underlying socioeconomic conditions.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2015
Healthy behaviours and 10-year incidence of diabetes: a population cohort study.
To examine the association between meeting behavioural goals and diabetes incidence over 10 years in a large, representative Swedish population. ⋯ Interventions promoting the achievement of behavioural goals in the general population could significantly reduce diabetes incidence.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2015
Seasonal influenza vaccination among Mexican migrants traveling through the Mexico-US border region.
Mobile populations are at high risk for communicable diseases and can serve as a bridge between sending and receiving communities. The objective of this study is to determine the rates of, and factors associated with, seasonal influenza vaccination among Mexican migrants traveling through the US-Mexico border. ⋯ Overall, the rates of seasonal influenza vaccination in circular Mexican migrants are low compared to adults in Mexico and the US Efforts are needed to increase influenza vaccination among this highly mobile population, particularly in adults with chronic conditions.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialEvaluation of a brief counseling for tobacco cessation in dental clinics among Swedish smokers and snus users. A cluster randomized controlled trial (the FRITT study).
The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a very brief structured counseling for tobacco cessation in dentistry clinics. ⋯ Very brief and structured counseling in dentistry may achieve positive behavioral modifications among tobacco users, with significant reduction of tobacco consumption, particularly among smokeless tobacco users.
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The health of populations depends on the availability of clean air, water, food, and sanitation, exposure to pathogens, toxins and environmental hazards, and numerous genetic, behavioral and social factors. For many thousands of years, human life expectancy was low, and population growth was slow. The development of technology-based civilizations facilitated what Abdel Omran called "epidemiological transition," with increasing life expectancy and rapid population growth. ⋯ Climate change poses unprecedented threats to human health by impacts on food and water security, heat waves and droughts, violent storms, infectious disease, and rising sea levels. Whether or not humanity can reduce greenhouse gas emissions quickly enough to slow climate change to a rate that will allow societies to successfully adapt is not yet known. This essay reviews the current state of relevant knowledge, and points in a few directions that those interested in human health may wish to consider.