Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
The risk of drug overdose death among adults with select types of disabilities in the United States - A longitudinal study using nationally representative data.
Disability is associated with increased risk of drug overdose mortality, but previous studies use coarse and inconsistent methods to identify adults with disabilities. This investigation makes use of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services disability questions to estimate the risk of drug overdose death among U.S. adults using seven established disability categories. ⋯ The examination of specific disability categories revealed unique associations that were not apparent in previous research. These findings can be used to focus overdose prevention efforts on the populations at greatest risk for drug-related mortality.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Inequitable access to nonpharmacologic pain treatment providers among cancer-free U.S. adults.
Using evidence-based nonpharmacologic pain treatments may prevent opioid overuse and associated adverse outcomes. There is limited data on the impact of access-promoting social determinants of health (SDoH: education, income, transportation) on use of nonpharmacologic pain treatments. Our objective was to examine the relationship between SDoH and use of nonpharmacologic pain treatment providers. Our goal was to understand policy-actionable factors contributing to inequity in pain treatment. ⋯ These findings highlight the substantial influence access-promoting SDoH have on pain treatment utilization.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Beyond the waves: Unraveling pandemic outcomes with genomic insights and immunity analysis - Evidence from 14 countries.
Although the World Health Organization and many governments have recategorized COVID-19 as a generally mild to moderately severe disease, consecutive pandemic waves driven by immune escape variants have underscored the need for timely and accurate prediction of the next outbreak. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to translating genomic data and infection- and vaccine-induced immunity into direct estimates. ⋯ By leveraging readily accessible pre-outbreak genomic and epidemiologic data, our results not only substantiate the predictive potential of early variant fractions but also propose that immunity acquired through infection alone may not sufficiently mitigate transmission. Conversely, a rapid and widespread vaccination initiative appears to be correlated with a decrease in disease incidence.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Global burden of non-optimal temperature attributable stroke: The long-term trends, population growth and aging effects.
Since the 20th century, the world has undergone climate change, population growth and population aging, which may result in alterations in the epidemiology of non-optimal temperature-associated strokes. We employed multiple methodologies and data from the global burden of disease 2019 to unveil the long-term curvilinear trends in strokes attributed to non-optimal temperature and the impact of aging and population growth on its changing epidemiology. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) of strokes attributable to low temperature had been decreasing, but from 2016, the continued downward trend in ASDR disappeared and began to remain stable. ⋯ However, globally, there is a significant trend toward an increase in strokes attributed to high temperature. Social development has largely offset the burden of strokes attributed to low temperature, but most regions of the world are equally affected by strokes attributed to high temperature. Simultaneously, in the framework of climate change, aging is also largely hindering stroke prevention efforts.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Mediation analysis of the associations between neighbourhood walkability and greenness, accelerometer-measured physical activity, and health-related fitness in urban dwelling Canadians.
To estimate sex-specific associations (total, direct, and indirect effects) between objectively measured neighbourhood walkability and greenness and objectively measured physical activity and health-related fitness including cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in Canadian adults. ⋯ Residing in a neighbourhood with higher walkability may positively affect cardiorespiratory fitness but negatively affect muscular strength. The negative associations between neighbourhood walkability and LPA may offset potential positive associations between neighbourhood walkability and MPA and VPA and their subsequent influence on health-related fitness.